不同剂型苯甲酸对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标及肠道菌群数量的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.03.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】比较不同剂型苯甲酸对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标、食糜pH及肠道菌群的影响。【方法】选取72头23日龄杜×长×大断奶仔猪,按公母各半、体重(平均体重6.44 kg±0.23 kg)相近原则随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复4头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,2个试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.5%苯甲酸(benzoic acid,BA)和0.3%控释包被型苯甲酸(controlled-release-coated benzoic acid,CBA)颗粒的试验饲粮。试验分为第1~14和15~42天2个阶段,试验期42 d。分别于试验第1、15和42天对每头仔猪空腹称重,按重复记录每天采食量,计算生产性能;每天记录每头仔猪排便情况,计算腹泻率和腹泻指数;于第14天前腔静脉采血,检测二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性、D-乳酸(D-LA)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量;于第42天屠宰仔猪,收集胃肠道各段食糜及尿液并检测pH以及回肠、盲肠食糜中乳酸杆菌、大肠杆菌和总细菌数。【结果】与对照组比,①BA和CBA组断奶仔猪第1~42和第15~42天平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)均显著提高(P＜0.05),CBA组仔猪各阶段的料重比(F/G)显著降低(P＜0.05);②BA组第1~14天仔猪腹泻指数显著降低(P＜0.05),CBA组第1~14和第15~42天仔猪的腹泻率和腹泻指数显著降低(P＜0.05);与BA组比,CBA组第1~14和15~42天腹泻指数及第15~42天的腹泻率显著降低(P＜0.05);③BA组仔猪胃、十二指肠食糜pH及尿液pH显著降低(P＜0.05),CBA组仔猪十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠食糜pH显著降低(P＜0.05);④BA和CBA组仔猪血清中DAO活性和MDA含量均显著降低(P＜0.05),同时仔猪血清中GSH-Px、SOD、CAT活性均显著提高(P＜0.05),且CBA组效果显著优于BA组(P＜0.05);⑤BA和CBA组回肠、盲肠大肠杆菌数及盲肠总细菌数均降低,CBA组差异显著(P＜0.05);BA和CBA组回肠、盲肠乳酸杆菌数均显著提高(P＜0.05)。【结论】饲粮中添加0.5%苯甲酸和0.3%控释包被型苯甲酸颗粒,均表现出提高断奶仔猪生长性能、改善肠道屏障功能的作用,其中0.3%控释包被型苯甲酸颗粒应用效果优于0.5%苯甲酸,具有降本增效的优势。

关键词: 苯甲酸; 控释包被; 断奶仔猪; 生长性能; 肠道微生物

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this experiment was to compare the effects of different types of benzoic acid on growth performance,serum biochemical indices,pH in gastrointestinal contents and intestinal flora of weaned piglets.【Method】 A total of 72 Duroc ×Landrace ×York weaned piglets at aged of 23 days were allotted to 3 groups according to body weight (mean body weight 6.44 kg±0.23 kg) with 6 replicates,and 4 pigs (2 barrows and 2 gilts) per replicate.The pigs in control group were fed a basal diet,while in benzoic acid group (BA group) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5% benzoic acid,and in controlled-release-coated benzoic acid group (CBA group) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.3% controlled-release-coated benzoic acid.The experiment lasted for 42 days,which was divided into two stages:Days 1 to 14 and days 15 to 42.Body weight of each piglets were weighed on the 1st,15th and 42th day of the trial period,feed intake and the fecal morphology were recorded each day,the blood were collected on the 14th day,and the gastrointestinal chyme and urine were collected on the 42th day,the performance,diarrhea degree,the activities of diamine oxidase (DAO),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px),catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD),the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and D-lactic acid(D-LA),the pH of gastrointestinal chyme and urine,the count of Lactobacillus,Escherichia coli,total bacteria in ileum and caecum were detected.【Result】 Compared with the control group,① the ADG and ADFI of piglets in 1-42 and 15-42 days were significantly increased in BA and CBA groups (P＜0.05),and the F/G of piglets in CBA group was significantly decreased at all stages (P＜0.05).② The diarrhea index of piglets in 1-14 days was significantly decreased in BA group (P＜0.05),and the diarrhea rate and diarrhea index of piglets in 1-14 and in 15-42 days were significantly decreased in CBA group (P＜0.05).Compared with BA group,the diarrhea index in 1-14 and 15-42 days and the diarrhea rate in 15-42 days were significantly decreased in CBA group (P＜0.05).③ The pH of digesta in stomach, duodenal and urine of piglets in BA group were significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and the pH of digesta in duodenal,jejunum,ileum and cecum of piglets in CBA group was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).④ The levels of DAO and MDA in serum of piglets in both BA and CBA groups were significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and the activities of GSH-Px,SOD and CAT in serum of piglets were significantly increased (P＜0.05),and the effects in CBA group were significantly better than those of BA group (P＜0.05).⑤ The number of Escherichia coli in ileum and cecum and the total number of bacteria in cecum both in BA and CBA groups were decreased,and the differences in CBA group were significant (P＜0.05).The number of Lactobacillus in ileum and cecum in BA and CBA groups were significantly increased (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 The results suggest that dietary supplementation of 0.5% benzoic acid and 0.3% controlled-release-coated benzoic acid could promote growth performance and improve intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets.The application effects of 0.3% controlled-release-coated benzoic acid were better than that of 0.5% benzoic acid,which had the advantage of reducing cost and increasing efficiency.

Key words: benzoic acid; controlled-release-coated; weaned piglets; growth performance; intestinal microecology

中图分类号:

S816.7

赵晓南, 胡友军, 程皇座, 文伟, 陆信芳, 何梓仕, 陈杰梅, 鄂晓迪, 何谦泰, 邹田德. 不同剂型苯甲酸对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标及肠道菌群数量的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(3): 1031-1040.

ZHAO Xiaonan, HU Youjun, CHENG Huangzuo, WEN Wei, LU Xinfang, HE Zishi, CHEN Jiemei, E Xiaodi, HE Qiantai, ZOU Tiande. Effects of Different Types of Benzoic Acid on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices and Intestinal Flora of Weaned Piglets[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(3): 1031-1040.

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