›› 2009, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 13-18.

• 特约综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

2007~2008年国际反刍动物营养研究进展 Ⅵ.粗饲料资源开发与利用

王晶,王加启,卜登攀,宋增廷,国卫杰   

  1. (中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京 100193)
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:2008-12-08 出版日期:2009-03-20 发布日期:2009-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 王加启

Annual Review of Ruminant Nutrition in 2007~2008 Ⅵ.Forage Utilization

WANG Jing, WANG Jiaqi,BU Dengpan,SONG Zengting, GUO Weijie

  

  1. (State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China)
  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:2008-12-08 Online:2009-03-20 Published:2009-03-20
  • Contact: WANG JIA qi

摘要: 粗饲料是反刍动物营养的主要来源。随着反刍动物营养学研究的不断进步,有关粗饲料资源的开发、利用和研究也在不断深入和推进。近年来的研究主要集中在以下几个方面:①新粗饲料资源的不断开发。在原有粗饲料基础上,新的牧草资源、加工副产品等粗饲料资源不断被开发出来,它们的合理使用方式和添加量都已被研究;②有关粗饲料品质评定的逐渐细化。粗饲料品质的评定已由早先的饲料相对值、饲料相对质量指数等发展到现在的饲料分级指数等,新的评定方法能够更加精确地评定粗饲料品质;③粗饲料利用率的不断提高。添加酶制剂、离子载体及补充快速可消化碳水化合物或脂肪等都能有效提高反刍动物对纤维的消化率,而且它们的合理添加量也已被逐渐探明;④粗饲料资源的合理搭配和优化利用。各种粗饲料资源的合理配比和优化使用的研究,可以在保证动物生产性能的基础上提高养殖效益;⑤特殊营养阶段粗饲料的合理利用。在奶牛或肉牛的特殊营养时期,如围产期合理有效地利用粗饲料或进行放牧,不仅可以使其在围产期前后保持较高的采食量,还可以在随后的阶段表现较好的产奶性能和生长性能;⑥粗饲料保存技术的不断改进和提高。制作干草和青贮料是保存牧草最常见和最有效的方式,牧草的不同收获阶段、不同的贮存方式及各种添加剂的使用对牧草保存的影响不断被研究清楚。粗饲料作为反刍动物营养的主体,合理、有效地利用来源丰富的粗饲料资源对于反刍动物的科学饲养有着重要意义。

关键词: 反刍动物; 粗饲料; 利用

Abstract: Forage is the main source of nutrition for ruminant. With the continually progress of ruminant nutrition research, the development, utilization and research on roughage resources also has been promoted. The study about forage focused on the following aspects in recent years. ①New fodder resources continuing developed. New forage resources, agricultural byproducts have been developed on the original roughage basis, and their rational use and suitable adding level also have been studied. ②The quality assessment of roughage gradually refined. Forage quality evaluation indices has been developed from relative feed value (RFV), relative forage quality (RFQ) to forage grading index(GI). The new evaluation method will be more accurate on quality assessment of roughage. ③Utilization of roughage continuously raised. Enzyme preparation, ionophore, as well as to add fast digestible carbohydrates or fat can effectively improve the digestibility of the fiber, and their reasonable amount has been gradually studied. ④Roughage resources have been matching and optimizing. The reasonable matching and optimizing of variety of roughage resources can increasing the breeding efficiency on the basis of guarantee the production performance. ⑤Rational use of roughage during the special nutrition period of ruminant gradually studied. Effective use of fodder or grazing during the special stage of beef cattle or dairy cows such as perinatal can make them not only remaining high dry matter intake, but also exhibit good milk production performance and growth performance in the subsequent phase. ⑥Roughage storage technology continually enhanced and improved. Hay and silage are the most common and effective way to preserve forage. The influence of different harvesting stage, different conditions for storage, as well as the use of additives on the forage quality has been investigated. Roughage as the main body of ruminant nutrition, reasonable and effective use of the abundant source of roughage resources has important significance for scientific feeding ruminant.

Key words: ruminant; forage; utilization

中图分类号: