大蒜素生理功能及在反刍动物上的应用

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.11.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 大蒜素是一种从大蒜中提取的含硫化合物，具有安全性高、无残留、不产生耐药性、抗菌谱广、无配伍禁忌等优点。大蒜素的生理功能包括降低血糖和血压、抗氧化、增强免疫力和抑制有害细菌等，并且在动物生产中发挥着维持动物肠道健康、改善肠道菌群、调节脂肪沉积等作用。作为饲料添加剂的大蒜素主要为化学合成类型。首先合成二烯丙基二硫醚，再通过氧化反应合成大蒜素，在实验室中大蒜素还可以通过过氧化氢、过氧邻苯二甲酸镁或氯代苯甲酸氧化二烯丙基二硫化物来合成。在实际生产中，大蒜素对反刍动物有促生长、提高饲料消化率、改善瘤胃发酵等诸多功能。大蒜素还可以通过抑制瘤胃内产甲烷菌活性和减少产甲烷菌数量来降低瘤胃甲烷产量。作者主要介绍了大蒜素的合成、理化特性及其生理功能，并阐述了在反刍动物中应用大蒜素的研究成果，以期为大蒜素在反刍动物生产中的应用提供参考。

关键词: 大蒜素; 反刍动物; 瘤胃; 甲烷

Abstract: Allicin is a sulfur compound extracted from garlic,which has the advantages of high safety,no residue,no drug resistance,wide antibacterial spectrum,no incompatibility and so on.The physiological functions of allicin include reducing blood sugar and blood pressure,anti-oxidation,enhancing immunity and inhibiting harmful bacteria,and plays a role in maintaining animal intestinal health,improving intestinal flora and regulating fat deposition in animal production.Allicin,as a feed additive,is mainly of chemical synthesis type.Diallyl disulfide is synthesized at first,and then allicin is synthesized by oxidation reaction.Allicin can also be synthesized by hydrogen peroxide,magnesium peroxy phthalate or chlorobenzoic acid oxidizing diallyl disulfide in the laboratory.In actual production,allicin can promote the growth of ruminants,improve feed digestibility,improve rumen fermentation.Allicin can also reduce rumen methane production by inhibiting the activity of methanogenic bacteria in the rumen and reducing the number of methanogenic bacteria.The authors mainly introduced the synthesis,physical and chemical properties and physiological functions of allicin,and expounded the research results and prospects of the application of allicin in ruminants,in order to provide reference for the better application of allicin in ruminant production.

Key words: allicin; ruminant; rumen; methane

中图分类号:

Q959.9

宋阳, 沈维军, 万发春, 殷磊, 赵渊. 大蒜素生理功能及在反刍动物上的应用[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(11): 3518-3527.

SONG Yang, SHEN Weijun, WAN Fachun, YIN Lei, ZHAO Yuan. Physiological Function of Allicin and Its Application in Ruminants[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(11): 3518-3527.

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