不同脂肪源添加水平及比例对荷斯坦牛瘤胃发酵及尿嘌呤衍生物的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.05.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 试验旨在筛选两种脂肪源（过瘤胃不饱和脂肪（RPUF）和胡麻籽）在荷斯坦公牛饲粮中适宜的添加水平及比例。选用4头2.5岁、体重580 kg±50 kg、装有瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦公牛，采用3×4两因素设计，脂肪添加量为4%、5%及6%（干物质基础），不同添加量下，RPUF及胡麻籽的比例分别为100：0（100）、85：15（85）、70：30（70）和55：45（55），共12个组，分别表示为4/100、4/85、4/70、4/55、5/100、5/85、5/70、5/55、6/100、6/85、6/70和6/55，探究两种脂肪添加水平及比例对牛瘤胃发酵、营养物质降解率及尿嘌呤衍生物（PD）的影响。试验一共12期，每期14 d预试期，5 d采样期。结果表明：①两种脂肪源在不同水平及比例下对荷斯坦公牛瘤胃液pH、乙酸、丙酸及总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）浓度均无显著影响（P>0.05），6%脂肪组氨态氮（NH₃-N）浓度和乙酸/丙酸比值显著高于4%脂肪组（P<0.05）。②4%脂肪组精料干物质瘤胃有效降解率显著高于5%和6%组（P<0.05），4/85、4/70和4/55组的显著高于5/55组（P<0.05）；70：30组的精料粗蛋白质瘤胃有效降解率显著高于100：0组（P<0.05），5/70组显著高于6/100组（P<0.05）。③4%脂肪组尿囊素含量和PD含量显著高于5%和6%脂肪组（P<0.05）。综上所述，从瘤胃发酵、营养物质降解率及PD产量综合来看，RPUF和胡麻籽以4%添加水平、70：30搭配最为适宜。

关键词: 过瘤胃不饱和脂肪; 胡麻籽; 荷斯坦公牛; 瘤胃发酵; 营养物质瘤胃降解率; 尿嘌呤衍生物

Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to screen the appropriate level and proportion of rumen protected unsaturated fat (RPUF) and flaxseed in the diet of Holstein steers.Four Holstein steers (average body weight 580 kg±50 kg,2.5 years old) with rumen fistula were added with 2 sources of fat (RPUF and flaxseed) at 3 supplementation levels (4%,5% and 6%) interacted with 4 different ratios (100:0,85:15,70:30 and 55:45) per kg diet were used in 3×4 two-factorial design.Fat additional level/ratio in the twelve groups were 4/100,4/85,4/70,4/55,5/100,5/85,5/70,5/55,6/100,6/85,6/70 and 6/55,respectively.The effects of rumen protected unsaturated fat and whole flaxseed with different levels and ratio on rumen fermentation,nutrients degradability and purine derivatives were studied.The experiment was divided into 12 stages.The first 14 d of each stage was an adjustment period and the following 5 d was for sample collection.The results showed that:①Ruminal pH,concentrations of acetate,propionate and total volatile fatty acids were not affected by lipid supplement levels interacted with different ratios (P>0.05),ammonia nitrogen concentration and the ratio of acetate to propionate of 6% fat groups were significantly increased compared to 4% groups (P<0.05).②For the dry matter effective degradability,4% fat groups were significantly higher than 5% and 6% fat groups (P<0.05),4/85,4/70 and 4/55 groups were significantly higher than 5/55 (P<0.05).For the crude protein effective degradability,70:30 group was significantly higher than 100:0 group (P<0.05),5/70 group was significantly higher than 6/100 group (P<0.05).③The content of allantoin and purine derivatives in 4% fat groups were significantly higher than 5% and 6% fat groups (P<0.05).In conclusion,from the perspective of rumen fermentation,nutrients degradability and urine purine derivatives yield,the optimum of lipid addition level was 4%,and the optimum of ratio (RPUF:flaxseed) was 70:30.

Key words: rumen protected unsaturated fat; flaxseed; Holstein steers; ruminal fermentation; nutrients degradability in rumen; purine derivative

中图分类号:

S823

曹名玉, 杨致玲, 谭亚楠, 王亚茹, 许鹏, 段增亮, 张拴林, 刘强, 郭刚. 不同脂肪源添加水平及比例对荷斯坦牛瘤胃发酵及尿嘌呤衍生物的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(5): 1593-1602.

CAO Mingyu, YANG Zhiling, TAN Yanan, WANG Yaru, XU Peng, DUAN Zengliang, ZHANG Shuanlin, LIU Qiang, GUO Gang. Effects of Different Levels and Ratios of Two Fat Sources on Ruminal Fermentation and Purine Derivatives in Holstein Steers[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(5): 1593-1602.

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