不同水平烟酸铬对热应激状态下水牛泌乳性能、抗氧化性能和瘤胃微生物多样性的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.05.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本试验旨在研究不同添加水平烟酸铬对热应激状态下水牛泌乳性能、抗氧化性能和微生物多样性的影响。试验选取体重、日龄、胎次和产奶量相近，泌乳中期的健康尼里-拉菲水牛20头。采用单因素随机区组设计，将试验牛分为4组（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组），每组5个重复。Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组在基础日粮中分别添加1.5、3.0和4.5 mg/（d·头）烟酸铬。试验预饲期1周，试验期4周。试验结果表明，热应激条件下，①日粮中添加不同水平的烟酸铬对干物质采食量的影响差异不显著（P>0.05），试验组中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）的表观消化率均有不同程度上升；②日粮中烟酸铬添加水平对瘤胃pH、以及乙酸、丙酸、丁酸等挥发性脂肪酸无显著影响（P>0.05）；③日粮添加3.0 mg/（d·头）烟酸铬显著提高了水牛的产奶量（P<0.05）；各组间乳蛋白率、乳脂率、乳总固形物和非脂固形物差异不显著（P>0.05）；④水牛血清丙二醛（MDA）含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性在试验组与对照组间无显著差异（P>0.05）；与对照组相比，3.0 mg/（d·头）烟酸铬组的三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）和甲状腺素（T4）浓度显著增加（P<0.05）；⑤与对照组相比，试验组水牛长链乳脂不饱和脂肪酸的含量有所提高；⑥在门水平上，各组水牛的优势菌群均为拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和变形菌门（Proteobacteria），样本整体呈现出较丰富的多样性。日粮添加3.0 mg/（d·头）烟酸铬能改善水牛泌乳性能及抗氧化性能，效果优于其他组。

关键词: 烟酸铬; 泌乳水牛; 瘤胃发酵; 抗氧化性能; 脂肪酸; 微生物多样性

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of chromium niacin on the lactation performance,antioxidant performance and microbial diversity of rumen fermentation in buffalo under heat stress.In this experiment,20 healthy mid-lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes were selected according to their body weight,daily age,gestational number and milk yield.A single factor randomized block design was adopted,and all the buffloes were divided into 4 groups (Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ groups) with 5 replicates for each group.Each bufflo in control group was fed a basic diet.Each buffalo in group Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ was fed with 0,1.5,3.0 and 4.5 mg chromium niacin per day,respectively.The experimental pre-feeding period was 1 week,and the experimental period was 4 weeks.The experiment results showed that:①Under the condition of heat stress,there was no significant difference in dietary supplementation of different levels of chromium niacin on dry matter intake (P>0.05),and the apparent digestibility of ADF and NDF in the test groups increased to different degrees.②There was no significant effect on the rumen pH and volatile fatty acids such as acetic acid,propionic acid and butyric acid.③Dietary addition of 3.0 mg/d chromium niacin significantly increased milk yield (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in milk protein rate,milk fat rate,milk total solid and non-fat solid among the groups (P>0.05).④The levels of CAT,MDA and GSH-Px in buffalo were not significant (P>0.05) among test groups and the control group.Compared with the control group,the concentrations of T3 and T4 in 3.0 mg/d chromium niacin group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).⑤Compared with the control group,the content of fatty acids in long chain milk fat of buffalo in the experimental group was increased.⑥At the phylum level,the dominant flora of each group of water buffalo was Firmicutes and Proteobacteria of Bacteroidetes,and the samples showed rich diversity on the whole.The addition of 3.0 mg/d chromium to the diet could improve the lactation performance and the anti-oxidation performance of the buffalo,and the effect was better than that of other groups.

Key words: nicotinic acid chromium; lactating buffalo; rumen fermentation; oxidation resistance; fatty acid; microbial diversity

中图分类号:

S823

张会会, 李孟伟, 唐振华, 梁辛, 彭丽娟, 彭开屏, 杨承剑, 王新峰. 不同水平烟酸铬对热应激状态下水牛泌乳性能、抗氧化性能和瘤胃微生物多样性的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(5): 1373-1383.

ZHANG Huihui, LI Mengwei, TANG Zhenhua, LIANG Xin, PENG Lijuan, PENG Kaiping, YANG Chengjian, WANG Xinfeng. Effects of Different Levels of Chromium Niacin on Lactation Performance, Antioxidant Activity and Ruminal Microbial Diversity in Buffalo Under Heat Stress[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(5): 1373-1383.

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