日粮蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维水平对幼龄反刍动物生长发育影响的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2019.09.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 幼龄阶段是反刍动物生长中非常重要的阶段，这一时期的营养供应、生长发育状况和瘤胃发育程度决定了其成年后的生产性能和繁殖效率。由于幼龄阶段消化代谢系统发育不完善且具有极强的可塑性，此阶段日粮的营养水平，尤其是蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维（NDF）水平，在反刍动物发育过程中发挥着非常重要的作用。在生产实践中，营养供给不足或超量供给都会影响幼畜的生长发育及健康状况，这种情况甚至会伴随其一生。而幼龄反刍动物日粮中蛋白质和纤维水平对生长性能和胃肠道发育的调节具有决定性的作用。适量提高日粮中蛋白质水平，可提高幼龄反刍动物的生长发育程度，并由于饲料中瘤胃微生物可利用氮浓度的提高而提高了营养物质消化率和瘤胃的发育。在保证精饲料充足的情况下，提高日粮中NDF水平可提高幼龄反刍动物开食料的采食量，提高生长性能和促进瘤胃发育，同时也伴随着营养物质消化率的提高。但由于试验动物或原料来源不同，在相关试验中仍存在不同的试验结果。为此，作者针对日粮中不同蛋白质和NDF水平对幼龄反刍动物生长发育、营养物质消化率和瘤胃发育的影响，以及出现不同试验结果的原因进行总结和探讨，以期为解决幼龄反刍动物的饲养管理问题、提高其饲养效率提供理论依据。

关键词: 幼龄反刍动物; 蛋白质; 中性洗涤纤维(NDF); 生长性能; 胃肠道

Abstract: The early stage is a very important stage in the life of ruminants.The nutrition supply,growth and development status of the ruminant during this period determine the production performance and reproductive efficiency in adulthood.Due to its immature digestive and metabolic system and extremely strong plasticity in the young stage,the dietary nutrition levels of ruminants,especially the protein and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) levels,play a very important role in the development process of ruminants.In production practice,inadequate or excessive nutrition supply will affect the growth and health of young animals,and even accompany them throughout their life.The dietary protein and fiber levels of young ruminants play a decisive role in the regulation of growth performance and gastrointestinal development.An appropriate increase in dietary protein level can improve the growth and development of young ruminants,and improve nutrient digestibility and rumen development due to the increase in available nitrogen concentration of rumen microorganisms in the feed.Under the condition of ensuring sufficient concentrate feed,increasing the dietary fiber level can improve the feed intake and growth performance of young ruminants,and promote rumen development,as well as improve the digestibility of nutrients.However,due to the different sources of experimental animals or raw materials,there are still different experimental results in related experiments.Therefore,the authors focus on the effects of different levels of dietary protein and NDF on the growth and development,nutrient digestibility and rumen development in young ruminant,and the reasons for different experimental results,in order to provide theoretical basis for solving the problem on the breeding management of young ruminant animal,and improving their feeding efficiency.

Key words: young ruminant; protein; neutral detergent fiber (NDF); growth performance; gastrointestinal tract

中图分类号:

S815.7

张雨, 施力光, 荀文娟, 刘强. 日粮蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维水平对幼龄反刍动物生长发育影响的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2019, 46(9): 2618-2624.

ZHANG Yu, SHI Liguang, XUN Wenjuan, LIU Qiang. Research Progress on the Effects of Dietary Protein and Neutral Detergent Fiber Levels on Growth and Development of Young Ruminants[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2019, 46(9): 2618-2624.

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