牡荆提取物对肉鸡坏死性肠炎的预防作用

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.06.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】评价牡荆提取物(Vitex negundo L.var. cannabifolia (Sieb.et Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz.extract,VNE)对产气荚膜梭菌(Clostridium perfringens,CP)诱导坏死性肠炎(necrotic enteritis,NE)肉鸡生长性能、血清免疫球蛋白含量、免疫器官指数、肠道组织结构及炎性因子的影响。【方法】选取150只7日龄雄性岭南黄羽肉鸡，随机分为5组：空白对照组(CON)、感染组(INF)及低(L-VNE)、中(M-VNE)、高(H-VNE)剂量牡荆提取物组，每组3个重复，每个重复10只鸡。CON组肉鸡饲喂基础饲粮，INF、L-VNE、M-VNE、H-VNE组肉鸡饲喂高鱼粉饲粮。7―13日龄，L-VNE、M-VNE、H-VNE组肉鸡连续7 d分别灌胃4、8、12 g/(kg·d)牡荆提取物；10―13日龄，INF、L-VNE、M-VNE、H-VNE组肉鸡连续4 d灌胃5×10⁹ CFU/d产气荚膜梭菌。分别于14、21日龄对试验肉鸡称重，计算平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G)；称重后，每个重复随机取3只肉鸡采血，检测血清中免疫球蛋白(IgA、IgG)含量；采血后处死，取脾脏、胸腺和法氏囊称重，并计算免疫器官指数；利用肠道切片检查十二指肠、空肠和回肠的病理及形态变化，取小肠黏膜，分析肉鸡肠道中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、IL-17A、IL-1β的表达量。【结果】①14日龄时，与INF组相比，L-VNE、H-VNE组肉鸡的ADFI和ADG极显著或显著升高(P＜0.01；P＜0.05)；H-VNE组肉鸡血清中IgG含量极显著升高(P＜0.01)。②21日龄时，M-VNE、H-VNE组肉鸡脾脏指数极显著高于INF组(P＜0.01)。③14日龄时，与INF组相比，M-VNE、H-VNE组肉鸡十二指肠绒毛高度(VH)极显著升高(P＜0.01)；L-VNE、M-VNE、H-VNE组肉鸡空肠和回肠VH、十二指肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度比(VH/CD)极显著或显著升高(P＜0.01；P＜0.05)，十二指肠隐窝深度极显著降低(P＜0.01)；M-VNE、H-VNE组肉鸡空肠VH/CD显著或极显著升高(P＜0.05；P＜0.01)；L-VNE、H-VNE组肉鸡回肠VH/CD极显著升高(P＜0.01)。21日龄时，与INF组相比，L-VNE、M-VNE、H-VNE组肉鸡十二指肠、空肠和回肠VH极显著或显著升高(P＜0.01；P＜0.05)。④14日龄时，与CON组相比，L-VNE、M-VNE、H-VNE组肉鸡肠道中IL-8基因表达水平极显著降低(P＜0.01)，M-VNE组肉鸡肠道中IL-1β基因表达水平显著降低(P＜0.05)。【结论】岭南黄羽肉鸡感染产气荚膜梭菌后，在饲粮中添加牡荆提取物，可以提高其生长性能，提高血清中免疫球蛋白浓度，促进脾脏发育，减轻肠道病变和炎症反应，说明牡荆提取物对产气荚膜梭菌诱导的肉鸡坏死性肠炎具有预防作用。本试验条件下，连续7 d灌胃肉鸡8 g/(kg·d)牡荆提取物可以得到较好的预防效果。

关键词: 牡荆提取物; 产气荚膜梭菌; 肉鸡; 坏死性肠炎; 预防

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was aimed to evaluate the preventive effects of Vitex negundo L.var.cannabifolia (Sieb.et Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz.extract (VNE) on the growth performance,serum immunoglobulin content,immune organ index,intestinal tissue structure,and inflammatory factors of broilers with necrotic enteritis (NE) induced by Clostridium perfringen (CP). 【Method】 150 male Lingnan Yellow-feather broilers with 7-day-old were randomly divided into control group (CON),infection group (INF),and low (L-VNE),medium (M-VNE),and high (H-VNE) VNE groups,with 3 replicates in each group and 10 broilers in each replicate.Broilers in CON group were fed with basal diet,and broilers in INF,L-VNE,M-VNE,and H-VNE groups were fed with high fishmeal diet.During 7-13 days of age,broilers in L-VNE,M-VNE,and H-VNE groups were orally administered with VNE at a dose of 4,8,and 12 g/(kg·d),respectively.Continuous gavage of 5×10⁹ CFU/d CP was administered to broilers in INF,L-VNE,M-VNE,and H-VNE groups during 10-13 days of age.Broilers were weighed at 14 and 21 days of age,and the average daily feed intake (ADFI),average daily gain (ADG),feed/gain (F/G) were calculated.After weighing,3 broilers were randomly selected for blood collection in each replicate,and the contents of IgA and IgG in serum were detected.After euthanized,the spleen,thymus,and bursa of Fabricius in broilers were separated and weighed,and the immune organ indexes were calculated.The pathological and morphological changes of duodenum,jejunum,and ileum in broilers were detected.Small intestine mucosa was scraped to analyze the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin-8 (IL-8),IL-17A,and IL-1β.【Result】 ①At 14 days of age,compared with INF group,the ADFI and ADG of broilers in L-VNE and H-VNE groups were extremely significantly or significantly increased (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05),the content of serum IgG in H-VNE group was extremely significantly increased (P＜0.01).②At 21 days of age,the spleen index of broilers in M-VNE and H-VNE groups were extremely significantly higher than that in INF group (P＜0.01).③At 14 days of age,compared with INF group,the duodenum villus height (VH) of broilers in M-VNE and H-VNE groups was extremely significantly increased (P＜0.01),the VH of jejunum and ileum,and the VH to crypt depth (CD) ratio (VH/CD) of duodenum in L-VNE,M-VNE,and H-VNE groups were extremely significantly or significantly increased (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05),and the CD of duodenum was extremely significantly decreased (P＜0.01).The jejunum VH/CD of broilers in M-VNE and H-VNE groups significantly or extremely significantly increased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the ileum VH/CD in L-VNE and H-VNE groups was extremely significantly increased (P＜0.01).At 21 days of age,compared with INF group,the VH of duodenum,jejunum,and ileum of broilers in L-VNE,M-VNE,and H-VNE groups were extremely significantly or significantly increased (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).④At 14 days of age,compared with CON group,the expression of intestinal IL-8 gene of broilers in L-VNE,M-VNE,and H-VNE groups were extremely significantly decreased (P＜0.01),and the expression of IL-1β gene in M-VNE group was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 Adding VNE to the feed of Lingnan Yellow-feather broilers infected with CP could improve the growth performance,increase the immunoglobulin content of serum,promote spleen development,alleviate intestinal lesions and inflammatory reactions.The results indicated that VNE could prevent necrotic enteritis induced by CP in broilers.Under the condition of this experiment,continuous gavage of 8 g/(kg·d) VNE to broilers for 7 days could achieve good prevention effects.

Key words: Vitex negundo L.var.cannabifolia (Sieb.et Zucc.)Hand.-Mazz.extract; Clostridium perfringens; broilers; necrotic enteritis; prevention

中图分类号:

S859.7

袁明贵, 李亚晖, 何隽桁, 唐兴刚, 八晓敏, 赵亚君, 田雅, 赖幸茹, 向蓉, 杨希. 牡荆提取物对肉鸡坏死性肠炎的预防作用[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(6): 2736-2749.

YUAN Minggui, LI Yahui, HE Junheng, TANG Xinggang, BA Xiaomin, ZHAO Yajun, TIAN Ya, LAI Xingru, XIANG Rong, YANG Xi. Prevention Effect of Vitex negundo L.var.cannabifolia (Sieb.et Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz.Extract on Necrotic Enteritis in Broilers[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(6): 2736-2749.

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