短链脂肪酸对动物肠道健康和肠脑信号传递的影响研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.08.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 动物体内存在诸多微生物代谢产生的短链脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acids,SCFAs)、胆酸等生物活性物质。SCFAs主要由膳食纤维细菌发酵产生,既可以作为肠黏膜细胞的能量来源,也可以作为信号传递物质。SCFAs不仅可以调节肠道菌群、增强肠道屏障功能,而且可以通过多种途径参与神经系统的调节。因此,SCFAs被认为是影响宿主健康的重要因素。在全面禁抗背景下,寻找合适的抗生素替代品成为了研究的热点。外源添加适量SCFAs可以提高动物肠道有益菌的富集,增加紧密连接蛋白的表达,增强机体的免疫功能。此外,SCFAs在自闭症、抑郁症等疾病方面具有一定的治疗潜力。肠道微生物代谢产生的SCFAs大部分是乙酸、丙酸和丁酸,目前针对SCFAs的研究以丁酸居多,而对SCFAs混合物联合作用的研究相对较少,且应用领域还有待拓展。作者总结了SCFAs对动物肠道健康和肠脑信号传递的潜在影响以及可能的调控机制,为将SCFAs开发为一种外源添加剂或药物在调控动物健康和疾病治疗等方面推广应用提供理论依据。

关键词: 短链脂肪酸; 肠道菌群; 肠道屏障; 肠脑信号传递

Abstract: Biologically active substances such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids produced by the metabolism of many microorganisms are present in animals.Among them,SCFAs are mainly produced by the fermentation of dietary fiber bacteria,which can be used as both an energy source for intestinal mucosal cells and a signaling substance.SCFAs can not only regulate the intestinal flora and enhance the intestinal barrier function,but also participate in the regulation of the nervous system through various pathways.Therefore,SCFAs are considered to be important factors affecting host health.In the context of a total antibiotic ban,finding suitable antibiotic alternatives has become a hot research topic.Exogenous addition of appropriate amounts of SCFAs can improve the enrichment of beneficial bacteria in the animal gut,increase the expression of tight junction proteins,and enhance the immune function of the body.In addition,SCFAs have some therapeutic potential in the study of central nervous system diseases,such as autism and depression.Most of SCFAs produced by gut microbial metabolism are acetic acid,propionic acid and butyric acid.Currently,the studies on SCFAs are dominated by butyric acid,while the studies on the combined effects of mixtures of SCFAs are relatively few,and the application areas are yet to be expanded.The authors summarized the potential effects of SCFAs on animal intestinal health and gut-brain signaling as well as the possible regulatory mechanisms,which provides a theoretical basis for the development of SCFAs as an exogenous additive or drug to be promoted in the modulation of animal health and disease treatment and other applications.

Key words: short-chain fatty acids; intestinal flora; intestinal barrier; gut-brain signaling

中图分类号:

S816.71

刘淼, 任文义, 徐晓锋, 张力莉. 短链脂肪酸对动物肠道健康和肠脑信号传递的影响研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(8): 3365-3374.

LIU Miao, REN Wenyi, XU Xiaofeng, ZHANG Lili. Research Progress on the Effects of Short-chain Fatty Acids on Gut Health and Gut-brain Signaling in Animals[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(8): 3365-3374.

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