绒山羊毛囊发育中非编码RNA的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.05.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 非编码RNA(non-coding RNA，ncRNA)是指从基因组上转录而来，不编码蛋白质，但在RNA水平上能行使一定生物学功能的RNA。非编码RNA的种类较多，种类的不同造成功能的差异。毛囊是绒山羊皮肤特殊的附属物，位于皮肤的真皮层，发生于绒山羊胚胎期。由于真皮细胞和上皮细胞间的信号分子传递，使其发育呈周期性变化，历经生长期、退行期和休止期。近年来，有关ncRNA在绒山羊毛囊发育中作用报道较多。文章就其中的微小RNA(miRNA)、长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)及环状RNA(circRNA)的生物发生及其在绒山羊毛囊发育中的作用机制进行了归纳、总结。miRNA是真核生物中存在的一种长18~25 nt的ncRNA分子，可通过与靶信使核糖核酸mRNA特异结合，抑制转录后基因表达。在绒山羊毛囊发育中，miRNA通过抑制相关基因及相关信号通路中关键分子的表达而调控毛囊的发育周期以及毛囊的再生能力。lncRNA是长度超过200 nt的ncRNA，经过剪接，具有polyA尾巴与启动子结构，在绒山羊毛囊发育中能促进毛囊细胞增殖与分化，通过调控基因的靶向表达与多种信号通路互作调节毛囊发育及绒毛生长的周期活动。circRNA是与传统的线性RNA不同的封闭环状RNA，含有许多miRNA结合位点，在绒山羊毛囊发育与绒毛生长中起miRNA分子海绵的作用，即通过miRNA的介导，调控靶基因的表达，促进毛囊干细胞向次级毛囊分化，进而解除与毛囊发育与绒毛生长相关的miRNA对其靶基因的抑制作用提高靶基因的表达水平。笔者通过对miRNA、lncRNA及circRNA的研究进行综述，以期为构建毛囊生长发育的分子调控网络及深入探讨绒山羊毛囊发育的调控机制提供借鉴，为今后更好地利用现代分子生物学技术改善绒毛品质提供理论依据。

关键词: miRNA; lncRNA; circRNA; 绒山羊; 毛囊发育

Abstract: Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) refers to RNA transcribed from the genome,which does not encode proteins,but can perform certain biological functions at the RNA level.There are many kinds of non-coding RNA,and different kinds lead to different functions.Hair follicle is a special appendage of cashmere goat skin,which is located in the dermis of the skin and occurs in the embryonic stage of cashmere goat.Due to the transmission of signal molecules between dermal cells and epithelial cells,its development changes periodically,going through growth stage,degenerative stage and resting stage.In recent years,there are many reports on the role of ncRNA in the development of cashmere goat hair follicle.This paper summarizes the biogenesis of microRNA (miRNA),long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) and their mechanisms in the development of cashmere goat hair follicles.miRNA is a ncRNA molecule with a length of 18-25 nt in eukaryotes,it can inhibit post transcriptional gene expression by specifically binding to target mRNA.In the development of cashmere goat hair follicles,miRNA regulates the cycle and regeneration ability of hair follicles by inhibiting the genes related to hair follicle development and the key molecules of related signal pathways.lncRNA is a ncRNA with a length of more than 200 nt,after splicing,it has a polyA tail and promoter structure,which can promote the proliferation and differentiation of hair follicle cells,and regulates the cycle activity of hair follicle development and villus growth by regulating the targeted expression of genes and interacting with a variety of signal pathways.circRNA is different from the traditional linear RNA,which is a closed circular RNA and contains many miRNA binding sites.It plays the role of miRNA molecular sponge in cashmere goat hair follicle development and villus growth,that is,through the mediation of miRNA,it regulates the expression of target genes,promotes the differentiation of hair follicle stem cells into secondary hair follicles,and then relieves the inhibitory effect of miRNA related to hair follicle development and villus growth on its target genes,to improve the expression level of target genes.Through the research review of miRNA,lncRNA and circRNA,it is hoped to provide a reference for the construction of the molecular regulation network of hair follicle growth and the in-depth study on the regulation mechanism of the hair follicle development,and provide a theoretical basis for the better use of modern molecular biology technology to improve the quality of cashmere in the future.

Key words: miRNA; lncRNA; circRNA; cashmere goat; hair follicle development

中图分类号:

S811.5

王东, 梁加越, 王笑冰, 冯娟, 张茹, 夏慧岩, 肖红梅. 绒山羊毛囊发育中非编码RNA的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(5): 1817-1827.

WANG Dong, LIANG Jiayue, WANG Xiaobing, FENG Juan, ZHANG Ru, XIA Huiyan, XIAO Hongmei. Research Progress of Non-coding RNA in the Development of Hair Follicles of Cashmere Goats[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(5): 1817-1827.

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