miRNA在哺乳动物配子发生中的作用研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.02.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 哺乳动物配子发生的基因表达调控包括编码基因的阶段特异性表达调控及非编码基因的转录和转录后水平调控。微小RNA(microRNA, miRNA)作为一类小的非编码RNA, 通过识别靶基因非翻译区的结合位点, 导致mRNA降解或者蛋白质翻译抑制, 从而在转录后水平发挥调控作用。近年来, miRNA在哺乳动物生殖活动中的作用逐渐被揭示, 越来越多的研究表明, miRNA在哺乳动物精子发生、精子成熟、卵母细胞成熟、卵泡发育及早期胚胎发育等过程中都发挥着重要的调节作用, 其可通过调节支持细胞的增殖和凋亡或精原细胞、精母细胞及精细胞的细胞周期进程, 在精子发生的不同阶段发挥间接或直接调控作用, 也可通过调节卵母细胞、卵丘细胞以及颗粒细胞的增殖、凋亡、激素合成和细胞间作用, 对卵母细胞的发育和成熟过程进行调控。作者主要介绍了在哺乳动物配子发生过程中, miRNA的细胞和阶段特异性表达及其对靶基因的调节作用, 以期为深入研究哺乳动物配子发生的调控机制提供参考。

关键词: miRNA; 精子发生; 精子成熟; 卵子发生

Abstract: The gene expression regulation of gametogenesis in mammals includes stage-specific expression regulation of coding genes together with transcription and post-transcriptional regulation of non-coding genes.As a type of small non-coding RNA, miRNA can lead to mRNA degradation or protein translation inhibition by recognizing the binding site of the untranslated region of the target gene, thereby playing a regulatory role at the post-transcriptional level.In recent years, the role of miRNA in mammalian reproduction has been gradually revealed.More and more studies have shown that miRNA plays an important regulatory role in mammalian spermatogenesis, sperm maturation, oocyte maturation, follicular development, and early embryonic development.miRNA can indirectly or directly play a regulatory role in different stages of spermatogenesis by regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of Sertoli cells or the cell cycle progression of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and sperm cells.miRNA can also regulate the development and maturation of oocytes by regulating the proliferation, apoptosis, hormone synthesis and intercellular interaction of oocytes, cumulus cells and granulosa cells.This article mainly introduces the tissue- and stage-specific expression of miRNA during mammalian gametogenesis and their regulatory effects on target genes, in order to provide reference for further research on the regulatory mechanism of mammalian gametogenesis.

Key words: miRNA; spermatogenesis; sperm maturation; oogenesis

中图分类号:

Q527

黄晓刚, 韩贝贝, 李菊, 张守全. miRNA在哺乳动物配子发生中的作用研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(2): 624-630.

HUANG Xiaogang, HAN Beibei, LI Ju, ZHANG Shouquan. Advance on the Role of microRNA in Mammalian Gametogenesis[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(2): 624-630.

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