病原感染后鸡miRNAs调控的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.05.031

摘要/Abstract

摘要： microRNAs(miRNAs)是一种短的单链非编码小分子RNAs，无论是在正常发育还是疾病的发生发展过程中，都能够与靶mRNA结合，参与到基因的转录后调控过程，并在其中发挥重要的调节作用。近年来随着miRNAs研究的深入，越来越多的证据表明，病原感染后会引起宿主miRNAs表达水平发生变化，这些差异表达的miRNAs能够积极地参与到疾病的发生发展过程中，并通过调控靶基因的表达参与免疫功能、自噬、炎症反应、代谢等多种生物学过程来抑制或促进疾病的发展。此外，宿主miRNAs作为一种参与转录后调节的小分子RNAs，在病原感染过程中，鸡miRNAs除了可以靶向自身的基因来调控鸡先天免疫信号，也可以靶向病原的基因从而影响病原的吸附、入侵、增殖等过程。作者主要介绍了miRNAs的生物合成、功能以及鸡miRNAs在部分病毒、细菌、寄生虫等病原侵袭过程与致病过程中的调控作用及其机制，简述了不同病原感染后鸡miRNAs的调控策略，以期从miRNAs的角度为鸡病的诊断、治疗和防控提供一定的参考。

关键词: miRNA; 病毒; 细菌; 免疫应答; 鸡

Abstract: microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class small non-coding RNAs with short single chain.Both during normal development and the occurrence and development of disease,miRNA can bind to the target mRNA,participate in post-transcriptional regulation of genes and play an important role.Recently,with the in-depth study of miRNAs,more and more evidence showed that pathogen infection will change the expression level of host miRNAs.These differentially expressed miRNAs can actively participate in the occurrence and development of the disease,and participate in immune function,autophagy,inflammation,metabolism and other biological processes to inhibit or promote the development of the disease by inhibiting target genes expression.In addition,host miRNAs as a small RNA involved in post-transcriptional regulation,during the pathogens infection process,chicken miRNAs not only target their own genes to regulate chicken innate immune signals but also target pathogenic genes to affect pathogen adsorption,invasion,proliferation,and so on.This paper mainly introduces the biosynthesis and function of miRNAs and the regulatory role and mechanism of chicken miRNAs in the invasion and pathogenesis of some viruses,bacteria and parasites,and briefly describes the regulation strategies of chicken miRNAs after different pathogens infection.This paper reviews the biogenesis and function of miRNAs and miRNA regulatory mechanism during pathogen invasion and pathogenic process,briefly describes the regulation strategy of chicken miRNAs after infection with different pathogens,to provide some references for the diagnosis,treatment,prevention and control of chicken disease from the point of view of chicken miRNAs.

Key words: miRNA; viruses; bacteria; immune response; chicken

中图分类号:

S855

张育铭, 陈乔光, 候照峰, 刘丹丹, 陶建平, 许金俊. 病原感染后鸡miRNAs调控的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(5): 1908-1916.

ZHANG Yuming, CHEN Qiaoguang, HOU Zhaofeng, LIU Dandan, TAO Jianping, XU Jinjun. Research Progress on Chicken miRNAs and Their Regulation Role After Pathogenic Infection[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(5): 1908-1916.

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