家鸡羽色性状遗传调控机制研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.05.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 自然界中鸟类呈现出丰富的羽毛颜色，羽色性状在躲避天敌、捕食、求偶及抵御紫外线等方面都具有重要作用。对鸡羽毛颜色性状的研究有助于加强品种区分、识别，在育种工作中建立品种间的显著标识和保障同一品种外观整齐尤为重要。羽毛颜色是禽类表型遗传研究的重要组成部分，它主要由黑色素和类胡萝卜素所决定。目前鸡羽毛颜色性状遗传调控机制的研究大多集中在黑色素相关通路，其中，Wnt、KIT/KITL和EDN3/EDNRB等信号通路对黑素细胞的生长发育、迁移和分化具有重要的调控作用，α-MSH/ASIP-MC1R信号通路负责调控黑色素的合成。已有研究显示，通过全基因组范围内的遗传变异检测技术挖掘与羽色性状相关的基因和变异位点，可以揭示黑羽、麻羽、显性白羽、隐形白羽、常染色体白化、银羽、性连锁不完全白化、深棕色羽、淡紫色羽(灰羽)、非依赖酪氨酸酶的隐性白羽、斑点羽和性连锁横斑羽(芦花羽)等多种羽色性状的遗传调控机制。此外，以图灵模型为理论基础可以解释复杂羽色图案的形成机制。作者通过总结黑色素相关调控通路与图灵模型对家鸡羽毛颜色性状的遗传调控机制，对近年来已经确定基因座的家鸡羽毛颜色性状相关研究展开综述，以期为鸡羽色分子机制研究以及在育种过程中开展鸡羽色性状标记辅助选择提供参考。

关键词: 鸡; 羽毛颜色; 基因调控; 分子遗传; 图灵模型; 黑色素

Abstract: Birds in the natural world show abundant feather colors,which plays an important role in avoiding natural enemies,predation,courtship,and resisting ultraviolet rays.Research on the color traits of chicken feathers helps to strengthen the differentiation and identification of breeds.It is particularly important to establish distinctive marks between breeds and ensure the appearance of the same breed in breeding work.Feather color is an important part of genetic research on poultry phenotype,mainly determined by melanin and carotenoids.At present,most researches on the genetic regulation mechanism of chicken feather color traits focus on melanin-related pathways.Studies have shown that Wnt,KIT/KITL and EDN3/EDNRB signaling pathways have important regulatory effects on the growth,migration and differentiation of melanomas,and α-MSH/ASIP-MC1R signaling pathway is responsible for regulating the synthesis of melanin.Existing studies have shown that it can reveal the genetic regulation mechanism of various feather traits such as black feather,stippled feather,dominant white feather,recessive white feather,autosomal albinism,silver feather,sex-linked imperfect albinism,dark brown feather,lavender feather (grey feather),tyrosinase-independent recessive white feather,mottled feather and sex-linked barring feather (Lu Hua feather) by genome-wide genetic variation detection technology,mining genes and variation loci related to feather color traits.Additionally,the Turing pattern was used as a theoretical basis to explain the formation mechanism of complex feather patterns.By summarizing the genetic regulation mechanism of melanin-related regulatory pathways and Turing pattern on chicken’s feather color traits,the authors reviewed the related research on chicken’s feather color traits that have identified loci in recent year to provide insights into the research on the molecular mechanism of chicken’s feather color and the marker-assisted selection of chicken’s feather color traits in the breeding process.

Key words: chickens; feather color; gene regulation; molecular inheritance; Turing pattern; melanin

中图分类号:

S813.1

吴日富, 瞿浩, 严霞, 罗成龙, 王艳, 舒鼎铭. 家鸡羽色性状遗传调控机制研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(5): 1806-1816.

WU Rifu, QU Hao, YAN Xia, LUO Chenglong, WANG Yan, SHU Dingming. Research Progress on the Genetic Regulation Mechanism of Feather Color Traits in Domestic Chickens[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(5): 1806-1816.

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