不同生长阶段吉林梅花鹿血液生理生化指标分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.06.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本试验通过研究吉林梅花鹿不同生长阶段血液生理生化指标的差异情况，旨在为梅花鹿的健康检测、疾病防治、育种等提供依据和参考。选取吉林省左家、双阳、东丰地区哺乳仔鹿93头（公37头，母56头）、育成鹿135头（公40头，母95头）、成年鹿130头（公42头，母88头），共358头，进行13项血液生理指标、19项生化指标检测。结果显示：哺乳公鹿与哺乳母鹿各项指标总体上差异不大，仅红细胞系统指标、血糖、肌酸激酶具有显著性差异（P<0.05）；红细胞压积、红细胞平均体积、平均血红蛋白含量、平均血红蛋白浓度、碱性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶在不同性别的育成鹿与成年鹿中差异极显著（P<0.01）。不同生长阶段公鹿天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、前白蛋白、总胆汁酸、血糖等差异显著（P<0.05），红细胞系统、肌酸激酶、钙、无机磷、肌酐等差异极显著（P<0.01），白蛋白、淀粉酶差异不显著（P>0.05）；不同生长阶段的母鹿淋巴细胞总数、红细胞总数、中性粒细胞总数差异显著（P<0.05），白细胞总数、红细胞系统指标、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、肌酸激酶、钙、无机磷等差异极显著（P<0.01），谷氨酰转肽酶、总胆汁酸、白蛋白差异不显著（P>0.05）。以上结果说明，不同生长阶段、不同性别的梅花鹿血液生理生化指标存在较大变异，部分指标的差异可能与梅花鹿生茸、性别等生物学特性有关。对上述生理生化指标的测定，获得了不同性别的梅花鹿在不同生长阶段生理生化指标的参考范围，可为梅花鹿选种育种、疾病诊断、资源开发利用提供一定的参考，也可为野生东北梅花鹿资源保护和健康评估提供依据。

关键词: 梅花鹿; 生理指标; 生化指标; 生长阶段

Abstract: To study the difference of blood physiological and biochemical indexes of Jilin sika deer in different growth stages,and provide basis and reference for health testing,disease control and sika deer breeding,a total of 358 blood samples from 93 lactating deer (37 males and 56 females),135 growthing deer (40 males and 95 females) and 130 adult deer (42 males and 88 females) in Zuojia,Shuangyang and Dongfeng areas were collected.13 blood physiological indexes and 19 biochemical indexes were detected.The results showed that there was no significant difference in physiological and biochemical indexes between lactating male deers and lactating female deers,except erythrocyte system,blood glucose and creatine kinase (P<0.05).There were significant differences in hematocrit,mean volume of red blood cells,mean hemoglobin content,mean hemoglobin concentration,alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase between males and females in growthing deer and adult deer (P<0.01).Among the male deer at different growth stage,there were significant differences in aspartic acid aminotransferase,prealbumin,total bile acid and blood glucose (P<0.05),extremely significant differences in erythrocyte system indexes,creatine kinase,calcium,inorganic phosphorus and creatinine (P<0.01) and no significant difference in albumin and amylase (P>0.05).Among the female deer at different growth stages,total lymphocyte,the total number of red blood cells,neutrophils were significantly different (P<0.05),the total number of white blood cells,red blood cell system indicators,aspartate amino transferase,alanine aminotransferase,creatine kinase indexes of inorganic phosphorus,calcium were extremely significantly different (P<0.01),and no significant difference in glutamyl transpeptidase,total bile acid,albumin (P>0.05).It was indicated that the physiological and biochemical indexes in sika deer were irregular and significantly different at different growth stages and sex,and some of the differences might be related to the biological characteristics of sika deer such as antler and sex difference.The reference range of physiological and biochemical indexes obtained in difference gender sika deer at different growth stages provided a certain theoretical basis for seed selection and breeding,disease diagnosis,development and utilization of resources of sika deer,and also provided reference basis for protection and health assessment of wild Northeast sika deer resources.

Key words: sika deer; physiological index; biochemical index; growth stage

中图分类号:

S825

邹晨, 邢秀梅, 房瑞新, 刘欣, 王洪亮. 不同生长阶段吉林梅花鹿血液生理生化指标分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(6): 2033-2044.

ZOU Chen, XING Xiumei, FANG Ruixin, LIU Xin, WANG Hongliang. Blood Physiological and Biochemical Indexes Analysis of Jilin Sika Deer in Different Growth Stages[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(6): 2033-2044.

参考文献

[1] YAO B,ZHANG M,LENG X,et al.Proteomic analysis of the effects of antler extract on chondrocyte proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis[J].Molecular Biology Reports,2019,46(2):1635-1648.
[2] GROVES C,GRUBB P.Ungulate Taxonomy[M].Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press,2011.
[3] 郭延蜀,郑惠珍.中国梅花鹿地史分布、种和亚种的划分及演化历史[J].兽类学报,2000,3:168-179. GUO Y S,ZHENG H Z.Geographical distribution,taxonomic status of species and evolutionary history of sika deer in China[J].Acta Theriologic Sinica,2000,3:168-179.(in Chinese)
[4] 王美楠.中国东北梅花鹿种群遗传多样性初步研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2013. WANG M N.Preliminary studies on genetic diversity of the sika deer(Cervus nippon hortulorum) in Northeast China[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2013.(in Chinese)
[5] 魏立民,孙瑞萍,刘圈炜,等.海南黑山羊与努比亚黑山羊杂交后代血液生理生化及免疫指标测定 [J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2019,10:61-63. WEI L M,SUN R P,LIU Q W,et al.Blood physiology,biochemistry and immune indices of Hainan Black goat and Nubia Black goat hybridization progeny[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2019,10:61-63.(in Chinese)
[6] 赵英杰,耿忠诚,邵尊森,等.东北梅花鹿血液正常生理指数的测定[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,1982,1:12-21. ZHAO Y J,GENG Z C,SHAO Z S,et al.Determination of normal physiological index in blood of sika deer of Northeast China[J].Journal of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,1982,1:12-21.(in Chinese)
[7] 赵波,王强,牛李丽,等.四川地区梅花鹿40项血液生理生化指标的测定[J].动物医学进展,2005,8:55-57. ZHAO B,WANG Q,NIU L L,et al.The examination of 40 physiological and biochemical indexes of blood of sika deer in Sichuan[J].Progress in Veterinary Medicine,2005,8:55-57.(in Chinese)
[8] 倪国超,李树明.重庆地区圈养梅花鹿血液营养成分研究[J].草食家畜,2009,1:44-46. NI G C,LI S M.The analyses of blood nutritoin of artificially-reared sika deer in Chongqing[J].Grass-Feeding Livestock,2009,1:44-46.(in Chinese)
[9] 刘建博,郑雪,宋百军,等.清原马鹿、双阳梅花鹿及其杂交一代鹿血液生理、生化指标测定及对比分析[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2014,23:194-196. LIU J B,ZHENG X,SONG B J,et al.Blood physiological and biochemical indices determination and contrast analysis of Qingyuan red deer,Shuangyang sika deer and their hybrid deer[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2014,23:194-196.(in Chinese)
[10] MAEDE Y,YAMANAKA Y,SASAKI A,et al.Hematology in sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis Heude,1884)[J].Nihon Juigaku Zasshi,1990,52(1):35-41.
[11] 沈华伟.福清山羊血液生化指标的测定分析[J].中国草食动物科学,2018,38(6):64-66. SHEN H W.Determination and analysis of blood biochemical indexes of Fuqing goat[J].China Herbivore Science,2018,38(6):64-66.(in Chinese)
[12] 刘博丹,邢凤,梁志朋,等.和田羊体重体尺、血液生理生化指标及其相关[J].四川农业大学学报,2014,32(2):194-198. LIU B D,XING F,LIANG Z P,et al.The measurement and correlation analysis of body weight,body size and blood physiological and biochemical parameters of Hetian sheep[J].Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University,2014,32(2):194-198.(in Chinese)
[13] 马毅,沈思军,潘晓亮,等.不同月龄安格斯牛在冬夏两季血液生理与生化指标的比较[J].家畜生态学报,2020,41(2):40-44. MA Y,SHEN S J,PAN X L,et al.Comparison of blood physiological and biochemical indexes of different month-old Angus cattle in summer and winter[J].Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology,2020,41(2):40-44.(in Chinese)
[14] 陈紫薇,王凯,赵琦琪,等.荷斯坦奶牛血常规指标随胎次变化规律研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2019,55(12):132-135. CHEN Z W,WANG K,ZHAO Q Q,et al.Study on the variation of blood routine indexes with parity of Holstein cows[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2019,55(12):132-135.(in Chinese)
[15] 王桂华,石保新,马学光,等.新疆塔里木马鹿生理生化指标测定[J].草食家畜,1995,3:37-42. WANG G H,SHI B X,MA X G,et al.Determination of physiological and biochemical indexes of Tarim red deer in Xinjiang[J].Grass-Feeding Livestock,1995,3:37-42.(in Chinese)
[16] 王琪,张全伟,张勇,等.牦牛生产性能及血液生理生化指标统计分析[J].中国兽医学报,2018,38(1):222-229. WANG Q,ZHANG Q W,ZHANG Y,et al.Analysis of production traits,physiological and biochemical index of yak[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2018,38(1):222-229.(in Chinese)
[17] 徐文娇,董彦君,董玉兰,等.不同年龄段奶牛临床参数和血常规生理指标调查分析[J].中国兽医杂志,2017,53(10):28-30. XU W J,DONG Y J,DONG Y L,et al.Different age paragraph the cow clinical parameters and routine blood physiological index analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine,2017,53(10):28-30.(in Chinese)
[18] 孙大明,薛春林,王伯高,等.糜鹿血液生理指标和血清化学成分指标的研究[J].畜牧与兽医,1994,3:106-109. SUN D M,XUE C L,WANG B G,et al.Study on the values for clincal chemistry and hematology of Elaphurus davidianus[J].Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,1994,3:106-109.(in Chinese)
[19] 岳畅,李瑞龙,白文林,等.不同性别羊驼血液生理生化和血常规指标的测定分析[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2020,10:134-137. YUE C,LI R L,BAI W L,et al.Analysis of blood physiological biochemical and blood routine indexes in alpacas of different genders[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2020,10:134-137.(in Chinese)
[20] 赫俊峰,朱世兵,刘应竹.东北梅花鹿全血量的研究[J].国土与自然资源研究,2003,4:89-90. HE J F,ZHU S B,LIU Y Z.The research for measuring blood volume of the sika-deer (Cervus nippon hortulorun)[J].Territory & Natural Resources Study,2003,4:89-90.(in Chinese)
[21] 韩飞.不同性别、年龄、季节环尾狐猴血液学指标的差异性初步研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2019. HAN F.Preliminary research on difference in hematological indexes of ring-tailed lemurs of different genders,ages and seasons[D].Hefei:Anhui Agricultural University,2019.(in Chinese)
[22] 吴孔菊,邓家波,刘选珍,等.圈养毛冠鹿血液生理生化指标测定[J].四川动物,2007,4:931-935. WU K J,DENG J B,LIU X Z,et al.Physiological and biochemical data of blood measurement of Tufted deer[J].Sichuan Journal of Zoology,2007,4:931-935.(in Chinese)
[23] 余燕,邱静芸,颜培实.冬季延长光照对锦江牛血液生理生化指标的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2020,41(7):31-34. YU Y,QIU J Y,YAN P S.Effects of extended photoperiod during winter on blood physiobiochemical indexes of Jinjiang cattle[J].Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology,2020,41(7):31-34.(in Chinese)
[24] 芦春莲,安亚辉,孟宪华,等.低水平聚天门冬氨酸锌对生长猪生长性能、血液指标、组织器官锌沉积及锌排放的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2020,51(10):2453-2462. LU C L,AN Y H,MENG X H,et al.Effects of low levels zinc polyaspartic acid on growth performance,blood parameters,tissue and organ zinc accumulations and zinc emission of growing pigs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2020,51(10):2453-2462.(in Chinese)
[25] 李江凌,刘锐,陈晓晖,等.藏猪与长白猪血液生理生化指标差异分析[J].畜牧兽医科学,2019,16:1-3. LI J L,LIU R,CHEN X H,et al.Difference of blood physiological and biochemical indices between Tibetan and Landrace pigs[J].Graziery Veterinary Sciences(Electronic Version),2019,16:1-3.(in Chinese)
[26] 施会彬,王玉琴,何翁潭,等.萨杜湖杂交羊生长性能、羊毛品质及血液生理生化指标测定[J].中国畜牧兽医,2019,46(2):404-413. SHI H B,WANG Y Q,HE W T,et al.The determination of growth performance,wool quality and blood physiological and biochemical indexes of SDH hybrid sheep[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2019,46(2):404-413.(in Chinese)
[27] 漆雯雯,臧长江,方美烟,等.饲粮钙磷水平对伊犁马初乳成分、乳脂脂肪酸组成、产后血液钙磷及激素的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2020,51(2):311-319. QI W W,ZANG C J,FANG M Y,et al.Effects of dietary calcium and phosphorus levels on colostrum components,milk fatty acids composition,and postpartum plasm calcium,phosphorus and hormones of Yili mares[J].Chinese Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2020,51(2):311-319.(in Chinese)
[28] WU Y N,YAN F F,HU J Y,et al.The effect of chronic ammonia exposure on acute-phase proteins,immunoglobulin,and cytokines in laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2017,96(6):1524-1530.
[29] 江莎,吴晓玲,邱艳,等.不同断喙方式对蛋雏鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2019,50(12):2545-2553. JIANG S,WU X L,QIU Y,et al.Effects of different beak-trimming methods on growth performance and immune function in chicks[J].Chinese Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2019,50(12):2545-2553.(in Chinese)