淀粉与油脂对妊娠母猪糖脂代谢及其繁殖性能影响的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.12.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 妊娠后期随着胎儿生长速度和乳腺发育加快，母猪机体代谢强度逐渐增加，机体糖脂代谢失衡，出现代谢紊乱。能量占整个日粮成分的70%以上，选择适当的日粮能量来源以调节糖脂代谢的平衡是提高母猪繁殖效率的有效方法。淀粉与油脂作为母猪日粮主要能量来源，均可显著影响后备母猪的初情期启动或经产母猪的繁殖性能，但以母猪本身的糖脂代谢特征为出发点，评述不同来源与水平的淀粉或油脂对母猪繁殖性能的影响鲜有总结报道。文章首先综述了母猪妊娠期糖脂代谢特点和代谢机制，简述了妊娠期代谢紊乱对母猪繁殖性能的不良影响，介绍了淀粉与油脂在母体的吸收及代谢特点，对比分析了不同水平与来源的淀粉和油脂对母猪产仔性能和泌乳性能的影响。最后，为最大化提高猪场经济效益，根据实际生产目的，总结了选择合适能量来源的依据。该综述旨在选择日粮适宜水平和来源的淀粉和油脂以期为提高母猪繁殖效率提供数据支持和理论指导。

关键词: 淀粉; 油脂; 糖脂代谢; 繁殖性能; 母猪

Abstract: With the fetal growth and mammary gland development during late gestation,the metabolic of sows is gradually increased.Owing to imbalance of glucose and lipid metabolism,the metabolic disorder appears.The physiological changes and environmental stress experienced by sows in the reproductive cycle are of great significance to glycolipid metabolism.Energy accounts for more than 70% of the dietary composition.It is direct and effective to develop appropriate dietary energy sources during gestation and lactation for improving the reproductive performance of sows by regulating the balance of glycolipid metabolism.Starch and fat are the main energy sources of sows’ dietary.Previous studies have shown that dietary energy sources have a significant effect on puberty initiation of gilts or improvement of reproductive performance of sows.However,it is rarely reported that summary on the effects of different sources and levels of starch and fat on the reproductive performance of sows based on the glycolipid metabolism characteristics of sows.This paper firstly reviewed the characteristics of glycolipid metabolism during pregnancy and the possible mechanism behind metabolic changes,summarized the adverse effects of metabolic disorders during pregnancy on reproductive performance of sows,and then introduced the absorption and metabolism characteristics of starch and fat in dam,compared and analyzed the effects of different levels and sources of starch and fat on the reproductive performance of sows.Finally,to maximize the economic benefits of the pig farm,the basis for selecting the appropriate energy source was summarized according to the actual production purpose.The purpose of this paper was to offer data and theoretical support for the selection of appropriate levels and sources of starch and fat to improve the reproductive efficiency of sows.

Key words: starch; fat; glycolipid metabolism; reproductive performance; sows

中图分类号:

S828

陈敏霞, 杨芸瑜, 谭成全. 淀粉与油脂对妊娠母猪糖脂代谢及其繁殖性能影响的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(12): 3953-3964.

CHEN Minxia, YANG Yunyu, TAN Chengquan. Research Advance in Effects of Starch and Fat on Glucolipid Metabolism and Reproductive Performance of Sows[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(12): 3953-3964.

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