北京油鸡快慢羽公鸡鉴定及羽毛发育、生长和繁殖性能的对比分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.08.022

中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (8): 2901-2909.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.08.022

北京油鸡快慢羽公鸡鉴定及羽毛发育、生长和繁殖性能的对比分析

江琳琳^1,2, 李云雷², 袁经纬², 麻慧², 石雷², 倪爱心², 王攀林², 王园美², 葛平壮², 宗云鹤², 边世雄², 陈超², 陈继兰², 孙研研², 马腾壑¹

1. 河北工程大学生命科学与食品工程学院, 邯郸 056038;
2. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 农业农村部动物遗传育种与繁殖(家禽)重点实验室, 北京 100193

收稿日期:2020-12-08 出版日期:2021-08-20 发布日期:2021-08-19
通讯作者: 孙研研, 马腾壑 E-mail:yanyansun2014@163.com;48483833@qq.com
作者简介:江琳琳(1994-),女,河北邯郸人,硕士生,研究方向:蛋鸡遗传育种与繁殖技术,E-mail:2960188030@qq.com;李云雷(1991-),男,河南遂平人,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:蛋鸡遗传育种,E-mail:mailyunlei@163.com
基金资助:
北京市科技计划项目（D171100007817005、D171100007817002）；现代农业产业技术体系国家蛋鸡体系（CARS-40）；河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目（ZD2018071）；中国农业科学院科技创新工程（ASTIP-IAS04）

Identification and Comparison Analysis of Feather Development,Growth Performance and Reproductive Performance of Early and Late Feathering Beijing-You Roosters

JIANG Linlin^1,2, LI Yunlei², YUAN Jingwei², MA Hui², SHI Lei², NI Aixin², WANG Panlin², WANG Yuanmei², GE Pingzhuang², ZONG Yunhe², BIAN Shixiong², CHEN Chao², CHEN Jilan², SUN Yanyan², MA Tenghe¹

1. College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Animal(Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China

Received:2020-12-08 Online:2021-08-20 Published:2021-08-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 试验通过开展快慢羽群体的鉴定，并对比其在羽毛发育、生长和繁殖性能方面的差异，旨在为北京油鸡种鸡选育和科学养殖提供数据支持。选用北京油鸡纯系公鸡，出雏时，按照主翼羽与覆主翼羽的羽长差值将其分为快慢羽亚群，其中快羽包括K1（主翼羽长于覆主翼羽>5 mm）和K2（主翼羽长于覆主翼羽2~5 mm），慢羽包括M1（主翼羽与覆主翼羽等长或主翼羽长于覆主翼羽<2 mm）和M2（主翼羽短于覆主翼羽）和M3（主翼羽未长出）。1~7日龄每隔1 d测量1次主翼羽与覆主翼羽羽长，7~42日龄每隔1周测量1次；1~8周龄每周测量体重，9~18周龄每隔1周测定体重；10周龄时，观测公鸡全身羽毛发育情况；47周龄时，测定公鸡常规精液品质性状、精子动力学参数、受精率及孵化率。结果显示，快羽公鸡占北京油鸡公鸡总数的11.60%，慢羽占88.40%，慢羽又以M2型为主，有少量M1型和M3型。育雏育成期（1~18周）北京油鸡快慢羽公鸡各周龄体重均无显著差异（P>0.05）。在育雏育成期，慢羽公鸡主翼羽和覆主翼羽生长均慢于快羽公鸡。其10周龄时，背部和腿部羽毛生长完全的鸡的比例仅为44%，且不同类型的慢羽公鸡的比例也不一，其中等长型或微长型慢羽最高，超过90%，未长出型慢羽最低，仅为17%左右。47周龄时快羽鸡和慢羽鸡的常规精液品质无差异，但是快羽公鸡精子直线性显著高于慢羽鸡（P<0.05），直线速率高于慢羽公鸡（P=0.06），快羽北京油鸡公鸡受精率显著高于慢羽公鸡（P<0.05），且入孵蛋孵化率和受精蛋孵化率有高于慢羽公鸡的趋势，但差异不显著（P>0.05）。本研究结果表明，快慢羽北京油鸡公鸡的羽毛生长和繁殖性能有一定差异，需要加强慢羽公鸡羽毛发育缓慢原因和鉴定方法的研究，也需加强慢羽公鸡精液品质选育。

关键词: 快慢羽; 北京油鸡; 公鸡; 羽毛发育; 繁殖性能

Abstract: In order to provide basic data for breeding and fine housing of Beijing-You chickens, the pure line of Beijing-You chicken was used here to compare the feather development, growth and reproductive performance of early and late feathering roosters.According to the relative length characteristics of the primary feathers and the coverts, the newborn male chicks were identified and divided into early and late feathering subgroups.For which, the early feathering included K1 (primary feather is at least 5 mm longer than the covert feather) and K2 (primary feather is 2-5 mm longer than the covert feather);the late feathering included M1 (the primary feather length is equal to or slightly longer than (<2 mm) the covert feather), M2 (the primary feather is shorter than the covert feather) and M3 (the primary feather is not growing out).Before 7 days of age, the length of primary feathers and coverts were measured every other day, and every other week from 7 to 42 days.Body weight was measured every week from 1 to 8 weeks, and every other week from 9 to 18 weeks.The overall plumage condition was observed at 10 weeks of age.Determination of general semen quality, sperm kinetic parameters, and fertilization and hatching traits of early and late feathering roosters was performed at 47 weeks of age.The results showed that the early and late feathering accounted for 11.60% and 88.40% of Beijing-You male chickens, respectively.The majority of late feathering hens were M2 type, and there were a few M1 and M3 type.There was no difference in body weight between late and early feathering male Beijing-You chickens during the brooding age (1-18 week)(P>0.05).Besides the fact the primary feathers and the coverts of late feathering chickens grew slowly than the early ones, only 44% of the late feathering chicks showed intact plumage of back and the thigh area, and this percentage was the highest (over 90%) in the equal-length type late feathering chickens, and low (17%) in the no-primary feathers type.The early and late feathering roosters did not show difference in general semen quality traits, while the sperm linearity was higher (P<0.05)and the straight-line velocity was inclined to be higher (P=0.06) in late feathering.The fertility of early feathering male Beijing-You chickens was higher than the late feathering ones (P<0.05).Although not significant, the hatchability of setting eggs and hatchability of fertilized eggs was apt to higher than the late feathering ones (P>0.05).The results of the present study showed that feather development and reproductive performance of Beijing-You chickens could be affected by feathering phenotype.It is necessary to further study the cause of the late feather development and identification method.Furthermore, the selection breeding for semen quality traits should be enhanced in the late feathering roosters of Beijing-You chickens.

Key words: early and late feathering; Beijing-You chicken; roosters; feather development; reproductive performance

中图分类号:

S831.3

江琳琳, 李云雷, 袁经纬, 麻慧, 石雷, 倪爱心, 王攀林, 王园美, 葛平壮, 宗云鹤, 边世雄, 陈超, 陈继兰, 孙研研, 马腾壑. 北京油鸡快慢羽公鸡鉴定及羽毛发育、生长和繁殖性能的对比分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(8): 2901-2909.

JIANG Linlin, LI Yunlei, YUAN Jingwei, MA Hui, SHI Lei, NI Aixin, WANG Panlin, WANG Yuanmei, GE Pingzhuang, ZONG Yunhe, BIAN Shixiong, CHEN Chao, CHEN Jilan, SUN Yanyan, MA Tenghe. Identification and Comparison Analysis of Feather Development,Growth Performance and Reproductive Performance of Early and Late Feathering Beijing-You Roosters[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(8): 2901-2909.

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北京油鸡快慢羽公鸡鉴定及羽毛发育、生长和繁殖性能的对比分析

Identification and Comparison Analysis of Feather Development,Growth Performance and Reproductive Performance of Early and Late Feathering Beijing-You Roosters

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