大白母猪妊娠天数影响因素分析及遗传参数估计

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.11.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】分析胎次、配种季节和与配公猪3个固定效应对大白母猪妊娠天数的影响，估计妊娠天数的遗传参数并探索其与总产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重、死胎数、木乃伊数的关系。【方法】收集2 138头大白母猪妊娠天数、总产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重、死胎数及木乃伊数6种生产表型，共包含4个胎次（1~4）的4 261条记录。利用一般线性模型分析试验猪群的固定效应对妊娠天数的影响，并采用多性状重复力模型估计妊娠天数与其他繁殖性状的遗传参数（遗传力、重复力、遗传相关、表型相关）。【结果】大白母猪平均妊娠天数为116.08 d，经t检验分析与114 d差异显著（P<0.05）。胎次对妊娠天数有显著影响，且第1胎妊娠期显著短于第2胎（P<0.05）；配种季节对妊娠天数有极显著影响（P<0.01），春季配种的母猪妊娠天数最短，秋季配种的母猪妊娠天数最长，相差0.73 d （P<0.05）；与不同公猪个体配种后母猪的妊娠天数之间有显著差异（P<0.05），差异最大达3.05 d。妊娠天数遗传力为0.1603，与总产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重、死胎数及木乃伊数之间均呈现负表型和负遗传相关。【结论】妊娠天数受到多种因素的影响，且具有遗传性，与母猪总产仔数等繁殖性状有显著相关，可作为养猪生产的间接指标，对准确把握母猪预产期、实现精准饲养管理具有重要意义。

关键词: 大白母猪; 妊娠天数; 遗传参数

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was aimed to analyze the influence of three fixed effects of parity, breeding season and breeding boar on gestational length in Yorkshire sows, estimate the genetic parameters of gestational length, and explore the relationship between gestational length and total number born, number born alive, total litter weight, number of stillbirth and number of mummy.【Method】 A total of 4 261 records with four parities (1-4) of 2 138 Yorkshire sows were collected, including gestational length, total number born, number born alive, total litter weight, number of stillbirth and number of mummy.A general linear model was used to analyze the effect of the fixed effects on gestational length in Yorkshire sows, and a multi-trait repeatability model was used to estimate the genetic parameters (heritability, repeatability, genetic correlation, phenotypic correlation) between gestational length and other reproductive traits.【Result】 The average gestational length of Yorkshire sows was 116.08 d, which was significant difference from 114 d according to the analysis of t test (P<0.05).The parity had a significant effect on gestational length, in which, the gestational length of the first pregnancy was significantly shorter than that of the second pregnancy (P<0.05).The gestational length was extremely significantly affected by breeding seasons (P<0.01).Sows bred in spring had the shortest gestational length, and sows bred in autumn had the longest gestational length, with a difference of 0.73 d (P<0.05).There was a significant difference in gestational length of sows after mating with different boars (P<0.05), and the maximum difference reached 3.05 d.The heritability of gestational length was 0.1603, which showed the negative phenotypic and genetic correlation with total number born, number born alive, total litter weight, number of stillbirth and number of mummy.【Conclusion】 The gestational length was affected by many factors and hereditary.Gestational length was significantly related to reproductive traits such as the total litter size of sows, and it could be used as an indirect index of swine production.Gestational length was of great significance to accurately calculate the prediction of the due date of sows and realize accurate feeding management.

Key words: Yorkshire sows; gestational length; genetic parameters

中图分类号:

S813

李慧慧, 高雪峰, 许可, 赵宝凯, 王映, 石丽君, 王立贤. 大白母猪妊娠天数影响因素分析及遗传参数估计[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(11): 4261-4269.

LI Huihui, GAO Xuefeng, XU Ke, ZHAO Baokai, WANG Ying, SHI Lijun, WANG Lixian. Influencing Factors Analysis and Genetic Parameters Estimation of Gestational Length in Yorkshire Sows[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(11): 4261-4269.

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