猪圆环病毒2型和3型混合感染引起的母猪繁殖障碍诊治

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.10.031

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】寻找引起某猪场母猪屡次配种不孕的原因。【方法】采集母猪饲料槽中正在食用的饲料检测黄曲霉素B₁含量;采集返情母猪的口鼻腔拭子、肛门拭子及血清,使用PCR、RT-PCR方法检测猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine circovirus 2,PCV2)、PCV3、猪伪狂犬病病毒(Pseudorabies virus,PRV)、猪细小病毒(Porcine parvovirus,PPV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)、猪瘟病毒(Classic swine fever virus,CSFV);随机剖检13头返情母猪,采集脾脏、淋巴结、脊髓、子宫、卵巢组织检测繁殖障碍性病毒的感染情况;对检测到的PCV2和PCV3部分阳性样品进行ORF2基因序列分析;观察母猪卵巢病理变化情况,汇总分析结果,诊断该场母猪受胎率低、持续返情的原因。【结果】该猪场饲料中黄曲霉素B₁含量为4.5~9.0 μg/kg,均在GB 13078－2017规定的饲料中黄曲霉素B₁允许范围内(＜20 μg/kg)。PCR、RT-PCR结果显示,口鼻腔拭子、肛门拭子和血清的PCV2、PCV3、PRV、PPV、PRRSV、CSFV检测结果均为阴性;13头母猪的PCV2阳性率为69.23%(9/13),PCV3阳性率为38.46%(5/13),PCV2和PCV3混合感染率为30.76%(4/13)。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果显示,PCV2在脊髓中的病毒载量最高,脾脏次之,淋巴结中最少;PCV3在脾脏中病毒载量最高,脊髓次之,卵巢中病毒载量最少。ORF2基因序列分析发现,PCV2为2d亚型,PCV3为3a亚型。卵巢病理切片观察发现,卵泡细胞数量减少,卵泡腔形状不规则、塌陷扁平。【结论】经过诊断确定该场母猪持续返情、屡配不孕的原因是PCV2和PCV3混合感染,进而引起繁殖障碍。根据诊断结果和该场情况,采取全群接种PCV2疫苗,配合全场消毒,加强生物安全防控,成功解决该场母猪繁殖障碍问题,恢复正常生产。

关键词: 猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2); PCV3; 母猪; 繁殖障碍

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of the experiment was to find out the cause of reproductive failure of sows in a pig farm.【Method】 The feed being eaten in the sow feed trough was collect to detect the content of aflatoxin B₁.The oral and nasal swabs,anal swabs and serums of returning sows were collect to detect Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2),PCV3,Porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV),Porcine parvovirus (PPV),Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV),Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) by PCR and RT-PCR methods.13 returning sows were randomly dissected,and the spleens,lymph nodes,spinal cords,uterus,ovaries were collected to detect failure virus. ORF2 gene sequence analysis was performed on some positive samples of PCV2 and PCV3. The pathological changes of sows’ ovaries were observed,the results were summarized and analyzed,and the reasons for the low conception rate and continuous estrus return of sows in this farm were diagnosed.【Result】 The content of aflatoxin B₁ in the feed of the pig farm was 4.5-9.0 μg/kg,all within the allowable range of aflatoxin B₁ in feed specified in GB 13078－2017 (＜20 μg/kg).The results of PCR and RT-PCR showed that PCV2,PCV3,PRV,PPV,PRRSV,CSFV in oral and nasal swabs,anal swabs and serums were negative.The positive rate of PCV2 and PCV3 were 69.23% (9/13) and 38.46% (5/13) respectively,and the mixed infection rate of PCV2 and PCV3 was 30.76% (4/13).The results of Real-time quantitative PCR showed that the viral load of PCV2 in spinal cord was the highest,followed by spleen, and the lowest in lymph nodes.The viral load of PCV3 was the highest in spleen,followed by spinal cord,and the lowest in ovary.ORF2 gene sequence analysis showed that PCV2 was subtype 2d and PCV3 was subtype 3a.Ovarian pathological sections showed that the number of follicular cells decreased,and the follicular cavity was irregular,collapsed and flat.【Conclusion】 After diagnosis,it was determined that the main reason for the continuous return to estrus of the sows in this farm was co-infection with PCV2 and PCV3.According to the diagnosis results and the situation of the farm,all of the sows were vaccinated with PCV2 vaccine,meanwhile,the whole farm was disinfected to enhance biosafety prevention.Eventually,the farm achived the normal production.

Key words: Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2); PCV3; sow; reproductive disorders

中图分类号:

S852.65^＋9.2

孙庆帅, 陈燕虹, 姚伦, 孙琪, 于学祥, 吴昊, 阮胜男, 雷铭楷, 严伟东, 何启盖. 猪圆环病毒2型和3型混合感染引起的母猪繁殖障碍诊治[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(10): 3982-3993.

SUN Qingshuai, CHEN Yanhong, YAO Lun, SUN Qi, YU Xuexiang, WU Hao, RUAN Shengnan, LEI Mingkai, YAN Weidong, HE Qigai. Diagnosis and Treatment of Reproductive Disorders in Sows Caused by Co-infection of PCV2 and PCV3[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(10): 3982-3993.

参考文献

[1] TURLEWICZ-PODBIELSKA H,AUGUSTYNIAK A,POMORSKA-MOL M.Novel Porcine circoviruses in view of lessons learned from Porcine circovirus type 2-epidemiology and threat to pigs and other species[J].Viruses,2022,14(2):261.
[2] WEST K H,BYSTROM J M,WO JNAROWICA C,et al.Myocarditis and abortion associated with intrauterine infection of sows with Porcine circovirus 2[J].Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,1999,11(6):530-532.
[3] O’CONNOR B,GAUVREAU H,WEST K,et al.Multiple Porcine circovirus 2-associated abortions and reproductive failure in a multisite swine production unit[J].Canadian Veterinary Journal, 2001,42(7):551-553.
[4] KIM J,JUNG K,CHAE C.Prevalence of Porcine circovirus type 2 in aborted fetuses and stillborn piglets[J].Veterinary Record, 2004,155(16):489-492.
[5] BRUNBORG I M,JONASSEN C M,MOLDAL T,et al.Association of myocarditis with high viral load of Porcine circovirus type 2 in several tissues in cases of fetal death and high mortality in piglets,a case study[J]. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation,2007,19(4):368-375.
[6] 徐国,代振江,曾智勇,等.一例由PCV2感染引起母猪产木乃伊胎的诊断报告[J].猪业科学,2016,33(2):72-73. XU G,DAI Z J,ZENG Z Y,et al.A diagnostic report of a sow mummified fetus caused by PCV2 infection[J].Swine Industry Science,2016,33(2):72-73.(in Chinese)
[7] 付玉蓉,秦彬彬,邵壮,等.一例由PCV2感染引起母猪产木乃伊胎的诊断[J].贵州畜牧兽医,2017,41(3):51-52. FU Y R,QIN B B,SHAO Z,et al.A diagnostic report of a sow mummified fetus caused by PCV2 infection[J].Guizhou Journal of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2017,41(3):51-52.(in Chinese)
[8] PALINSKI R,PINEYRO P,SHANG P,et al.A novel Porcine circovirus distantly related to known Circoviruses is associated with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome and reproductive failure[J].Journal of Virology.2016,91(1):e01879-16.
[9] SAPORITI V,VALLS L,MALDONADO J,et al.Porcine circovirus 3 detection in aborted fetuses and stillborn piglets from swine reproductive failure cases[J]. Viruses,2021,13(2):264.
[10] ALOMAR J,SAPORITI V,PREZ M,et al.Multisystemic lymphoplasmacytic inflammation associated with PCV-3 in wasting pigs[J].Transboundary and Emerging Diseases,2021,68(6):2969-2974.
[11] 李永健,李拴平.猪主要病毒性繁殖障碍病的流行特点与防控[J].中国畜禽种业,2021,17(5):111-112. LI Y J,LI S P.Epidemiological characteristics and prevention and control of major viral reproductive disorders in pigs[J].The Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding,2021,17(5):111-112.(in Chinese)
[12] 李俊花.母猪不孕的发生原因及防治措施[J].现代畜牧科技,2021,79(7):103-104. LI J H.Causes and preventive measures of infertility in sows[J].Modern Animal Husbandry and Technology,2021,79(7):103-104.(in Chinese)
[13] JATFA J W,WACHIDA N M,IJABO H M,et al.Aflatoxicosis associated with swine stillbirth in the Piggery Farm University of Agriculture Makurdi[J].Current Trends in Biomedical Engineering and Biosciences, 2018,13:555-573.
[14] 安虹,邹广迅.黄曲霉素毒性效应机制的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(24):15007-15009. AN H,ZOU G X.Research progress on the toxic effect mechanism of aflatoxin[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(24):15007-15009.(in Chinese)
[15] 薛霜,石宝兰,徐松,等.猪圆环病毒3型荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及其在猪体中的组织分布研究[J].中国兽药杂志,2021,55(11):16-21. XUE S,SHI B L,XU S,et al.Establishment of a fluorescent quantitative PCR method for detection of Porcine circovirus type 3 and study on its tissue distribution in pigs[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Drug,2021,55(11):16-21.(in Chinese)
[16] KU X,CHEN F,LI P,et al.Identification and genetic characterization of Porcine circovirus type 3 in China[J].Transbound Emergence Disease,2017,64(3):703-708.
[17] 李蕊,王林,何伟勇,等.北京市猪场猪圆环病毒3型感染状况调查及其ORF2基因遗传进化分析[J].中国兽药杂志,2020,54(1):1-8. LI R,WANG L,HE W Y,et al.Investigation on the infection status of Porcine circovirus type 3 in Beijing and phylogenetic analysis of ORF2 gene[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Drug,2020,54(1):1-8.(in Chinese)
[18] 郭影成,付守鹏,高学勇,等.吉林省猪圆环病毒3型的分子流行病学调查及遗传演化分析[J].中国畜牧兽医,2019,46(5):1483-1490. GUO Y C,FU S P,GAO X Y,et al.Molecular epidemiological on vestigation and genetic evolution analysis of Porcine circovirus type 3 in Jilin province[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2019,46(5):1483-1490.(in Chinese)
[19] 满媛媛.TOX3在卵泡发育过程中的作用机制研究[D].济南:山东大学,2021. MAN Y Y.Study on the mechanism of TOX3 in follicle development[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2021.(in Chinese)
[20] 王教顺,王东亮,张素姣,等.PCV2b与PCV2d病毒样颗粒交叉免疫保护效力的评估[A].中国兽医病理学家第四次研讨会论文集[C].2019. WANG J S,WANG D L,ZHANG S J,et al.Evaluation of cross-immune protective efficacy of PCV2b and PCV2d virus-like particles[A].Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium of Chinese Veterinary Pathologists[C].2019.(in Chinese)
[21] HUAN C,FAN M,CHENG Q,et al.Evaluation of the efficacy and cross-protective immunity of live-attenuated chimeric PCV1-2b vaccine against PCV2b and PCV2d subtype challenge in pigs[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2018,9:455.
[22] HUANG Y,CHEN X,LONG Y,et al.Epidemiological analysis from 2018 to 2020 in China and prevention strategy of Porcine circovirus type 2[J].Frontiers in Veterinary Science,2021,8:753297.
[23] 万遂如.猪繁殖障碍性疾病流行状况与防控技术[J].养猪,2021,177(4):89-95. WAN S R.Epidemiological status and prevention and control technology of reproductive disorders in pigs[J].Swine Production,2021,177(4):89-95.(in Chinese)