猪德尔塔冠状病毒致病机理及防治研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.10.032

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 猪德尔塔冠状病毒(Porcine deltacoronavirus,PDCoV)是一种新发现的猪肠道冠状病毒,能引起猪腹泻、呕吐、脱水甚至死亡,给养猪业带来巨大威胁。深入开展PDCoV的研究对该病的防控有重要意义。PDCoV基因组编码的4种结构蛋白、15个非结构蛋白和3个辅助蛋白在病毒复制、增殖及致病过程中发挥重要作用。PDCoV致病机理复杂,笔者从其侵入宿主细胞以颉颃干扰素反应、诱导细胞凋亡、调控细胞自噬、抑制细胞焦亡途径来逃避宿主免疫应答,以及其他影响PDCoV复制的分子机制方面对其致病机理进行总结。PDCoV呈全球性流行趋势,常用S、M和N基因作为核酸检测和抗体检测靶标进行诊断。目前,尚未开发出针对PDCoV的安全有效的商品化疫苗和治疗方法,随着生物技术的发展,在灭活病毒疫苗、减毒活疫苗、重组载体疫苗、病毒样颗粒疫苗和乳酸菌载体口服疫苗上取得一定进展,且广谱抗病毒药物、抗病毒分子蛋白和新型抗病毒技术在PDCoV抗病毒研究中显示了良好的应用前景。因此,笔者总结PDCoV编码蛋白功能、致病机理、诊断方法及PDCoV的疫苗开发和抗病毒治疗,以期为后续科学研究和有效防治提供借鉴。

关键词: 猪; 德尔塔冠状病毒; 致病机理; 防治

Abstract: Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly discovered enteropathogenic porcine Coronavirus causing severe diarrhea,vomiting,and dehydration,which leads to death eventually,posing a severe threat to the pig industry.Further research on PDCoV is of great significance for the prevention and control of this disease.The genome encodes four structural proteins,fifteen non-structural proteins and three accessory proteins play important roles in the virus replication,translation and the host pathogenic process.The pathogenesis of PDCoV is complicated.In this review,we summarized the pathogenesis from the aspects of its invading host cells,antagonising interferon response,inducing apoptosis,regulating autophagy,inhibiting pyroptosis to evade host immune response,and other molecular mechanisms affecting PDCoV replication.PDCoV shows a global epidemic trend,and S,M, N genes of PDCoV are often used as nucleic acid detection and antibody detection targets for diagnosis.So far,there are no effective vaccines and therapeutic methods available for PDCoV.With the development of biotechnology,the research on inactivated vaccines,live attenuated vaccines,recombined vector vaccines,virus-like particle vaccines and lactic acid bacteria carries oral vaccines have made considerable progress.In addition,broad spectrum antiviral drugs,antiviral proteins and new antiviral technologies have shown good application prospects in PDCoV antiviral research.Therefore,this review comprehensively expounded its coding protein function,pathogenicity,detection methods,vaccine development and antiviral therapy,hoping to provide reference for further systematic research and effective prevention and control.

Key words: pigs; Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV); pathogenesis; prevention and control

中图分类号:

S852.65^＋1

胡湘云, 潘鹏丞, 吴倍仪, 陈宝剑, 覃兆鲜, 谢炳坤. 猪德尔塔冠状病毒致病机理及防治研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(10): 3994-4003.

HU Xiangyun, PAN Pengcheng, WU Beiyi, CHEN Baojian, QIN Zhaoxian, XIE Bingkun. Research Progress on Pathogenesis,Prevention and Control of Porcine Deltacoronavirus[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(10): 3994-4003.

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