日粮中添加苜蓿草粉对肉鹅生长性能及肉质性状的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.11.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同比例的苜蓿草粉对四季鹅生长性能、体尺、屠宰性能、器官指数和肉质性状的影响。选取健康、体重相近的15日龄四季鹅256只（公母各半），随机分成4组，对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮，3个试验组分别添加10%、20%和30%苜蓿草粉。每组4个重复，每个重复16只鹅。饲养至70日龄时，测量其各项体尺指标，每个重复选取4只鹅屠宰取样，测定屠宰性能、器官指数及肉质性质。结果表明：与对照组相比，日粮中添加不同比例的苜蓿草粉对四季鹅的平均日采食量、平均日增重、料重比、体斜长、龙骨长、胫围、半潜水长、胸宽、胫长、屠宰率、半净膛率、胸肌率等均无显著影响（P>0.05），添加20%和30%苜蓿草粉显著提高了鹅的胸深（P<0.05），添加30%苜蓿草粉显著降低了鹅的全净膛率（P<0.05），添加10%苜蓿草粉显著提高了腿肌率（P<0.05）。此外，与对照组相比，苜蓿草粉组腹脂率均显著降低（P<0.05），肝脏指数、空肠指数、回肠指数以及盲肠指数均显著提高（P<0.05），但胸肌、腿肌的滴水损失同时也提高了（P<0.05）；10%、30%苜蓿草粉组十二指肠指数均显著提高P<0.05）。综上所述，在日粮中添加苜蓿草粉可改善四季鹅的屠宰性能（增加胸深、提高腿肌率、降低腹脂率），提高器官指数（肝脏指数、十二指肠指数、空肠指数、回肠指数以及盲肠指数），但会提高胸肌和腿肌的滴水损失；且添加过多的苜蓿草粉（30%）还会显著降低全净膛率。综合考虑，四季鹅日粮中以添加10%苜蓿草粉为宜。

关键词: 苜蓿草粉; 鹅; 屠宰性能; 肉质性状

Abstract: The experiment was aimed to investigate the effects of dietary alfalfa powder on the growth performance,body size,slaughter performance,organ index and meat quality of Siji geese.A total of 256 15-day-old geese (half male and half female) with similar body weight were randomly divided into four groups with 4 replicates of 16 geese each.The geese in control group were fed with corn-soybean meal-based diet (control diet),and geese in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet replaced with 10%,20% and 30% alfalfa powder,respectively.The results showed that,compared with the control group,dietary alfalfa powder supplementation had no significant effect on the average daily intake,average daily gain,feed conversion ratio,body oblique length,keel length,shin circumference,semi diving length,chest width and shin length (P>0.05),and also had no effect on the carcass ratio,half-eviscerated carcass ratio and pectoral muscle ratio (P>0.05).However,dietary 20% and 30% alfalfa powder supplementation significantly increased the chest depth (P<0.05),dietary 30% alfalfa powder significantly decreased the full-eviscerated carcass ratio (P<0.05),and dietary 10% alfalfa powder significantly increased the leg muscle ratio (P<0.05) of geese.In addition,dietary alfalfa powder significantly decreased the abdominal fat ratio (P<0.05),raised the growth index of liver,jejunum,ileum,and cecum (P<0.05),and increased the water loss rate of pectoral muscle and leg muscle (P<0.05) compared with the control group.Dietary 10% and 30% alfalfa powder significantly increased duodenal growth index (P<0.05) of geese.In conclusion,dietary alfalfa powder supplementation might improve the slaughter performance (increase chest depth and leg muscle ratio,reduce abdominal fat rate) and organ growth index (increase the growth index of liver,duodenum,jejunum,ileum and cecum).However,dietary alfalfa powder increased water loss rates in pectoral muscle and leg muscle,and 30% alfalfa powder reduced the full-eviscerated carcass ratio of geese.The appropriate supplementation level of alfalfa powder was recommended at 10% in the present study.

Key words: alfalfa powder; goose; slaughter performance; meat traits

中图分类号:

S835

阎春池, 董飚, 赵敏孟, 刘龙, 耿拓宇, 龚道清, 王健. 日粮中添加苜蓿草粉对肉鹅生长性能及肉质性状的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(11): 3502-3509.

YAN Chunchi, DONG Biao, ZHAO Minmeng, LIU Long, GENG Tuoyu, GONG Daoqing, WANG Jian. Effect of Supplementing Alfalfa Powder to Diet on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Goose[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(11): 3502-3509.

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