北京地区荷斯坦奶牛皮肤褶皱厚度与泌乳性能关系的研究

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2018.02.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究通过测定荷斯坦奶牛肋部和颈部皮肤褶皱厚度，探究了皮肤褶皱厚度的影响因素及其与泌乳性能的关系。利用数显游标卡尺测量荷斯坦奶牛肋部和颈部皮肤褶皱厚度，评定奶牛体况，并收集皮肤褶皱厚度测量月份试验牛场的奶牛生产性能数据，共得到2 519头奶牛的数据用于分析。利用固定效应模型分析胎次、牛场、测定人、泌乳阶段、体况评分对奶牛皮肤褶皱厚度的影响，皮肤褶皱厚度对泌乳性能影响的分析模型中同样包括上述固定效应。结果表明胎次、牛场、测定人、泌乳阶段、体况评分对荷斯坦奶牛皮褶厚均有极显著影响（P < 0.01），肋部皮肤褶皱厚度对泌乳性能无显著影响（P > 0.05），而颈部皮肤褶皱厚度对日产奶量、乳脂率影响显著（P < 0.05），颈部皮肤褶皱厚度对乳蛋白率、尿素氮无显著影响（P > 0.05）。颈部皮褶厚为7.20 mm的个体日产奶量最高；颈部皮褶厚为6.00 mm的个体，乳脂率最低。本研究进一步阐明了荷斯坦奶牛泌乳期内不同部位皮肤褶皱厚度的影响因素，并首次利用大群数据区分不同部位研究了皮肤褶皱厚度对泌乳性能的影响，为利用皮肤褶皱厚度提高奶牛管理效率提供科学依据。

关键词: 荷斯坦奶牛; 皮褶厚; 产奶量; 乳成分

Abstract:

To identify the factor affecting skinfold thickness and to explore the effects of skinfold thickness on the lactation performance of Holstein,the neck skinfold thickness and rib skinfold thickness were measured using a digital display caliper while the body condition score (BCS) of tested Holstein was evaluated, and Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) records at the month when skinfold thickness was measured were collected. Finally,records of 2 519 milking cows were used in the analysis. The fixed effect model were used to analyze the effects of parity,farm,measurer, lactation stage and BCS on skinfold thickness,and the model analyzing the effects of skinfold thickness on the milk performance also included the above mentioned fixed effects. The results showed that parity farm,measurer,lactation stage and BCS had extremely significant effects on the skinfold thickness (P < 0.01).The neck skinfold thickness had significant impacts on the daily milk yield and milk fat percentage (P < 0.05),but no significant impacts on milk protein percentage and milk urea nitrogen (P > 0.05), while the rib skinfold thickness did not have significant impact on the milk performance (P > 0.05). The highest milk yield could be derived when the neck skinfold thickness was 7.20 mm and the lowest milk fat percentage could be derived when the neck skinfold thickness was 6.00 mm. This study intensively illustrated the factors affecting the skinfold thickness in different regions of body during the entire lactation period and explored the impacts of skinfold thickness in different regions of body on the lactation performance in Holstein population,which could provide a theory basis for utilizing skinfold thickness to improve the management in dairy farm.

Key words: Holstein; skinfold thickness; milk yield; milk component

中图分类号:

S823.9⁺1

娄文琦, 李源韬, 常瑶, 苏义童, 黄铭逸, 张海亮, 董刚辉, 李锡智, 王雅春. 北京地区荷斯坦奶牛皮肤褶皱厚度与泌乳性能关系的研究[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2018, 45(2): 375-383.

LOU Wenqi, LI Yuantao, CHANG Yao, SU Yitong, HUANG Mingyi, ZHANG Hailiang, DONG Ganghui, LI Xizhi, WANG Yachun. Study on the Relationship Between the Skinfold Thickness and Lactation Performance of Holstein in Beijing[J]. , 2018, 45(2): 375-383.

参考文献

[1] 张文熊,角田由美子,冈村浩.皮革厚度的调整与服装革用料[J].中国皮革,2004,33(14):139.ZHANG W X,JIAOTIAN Y M Z,GANGCHUN H. Leather thickness adjustment and garment leather material[J]. China Leather,2004,33(14):139.(in Chinese)
[2] 谢志勤,谢芝勋,刘加波,等.变态反应检测水牛结核病标准的探索[J].畜牧与兽医,2010,42(12):60-63.XIE Z Q,XIE Z X,LIU J B,et al. The explore of allergy test of buffalo tuberculosis standard[J]. Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2010,42(12):60-63.(in Chinese)
[3] BRODY S.Bioenergetics and growth with special reference to the efficiency complex in domestic animals[J].Yale Journal of Biology & Medicine,1946,18(4):311.
[4] BONSMA J C,VAN MARLE J, HOFMEYR J H. Climatological research on animal husbandry and its significance in the development of beef-cattle production in colonial territories[J].Empire Journal of Experimental Agriculture,1953,21:154-175.
[5] 李克平,陈俊菲,王石平,等.水牛皮肤结构的研究[J]. 华中农学院学报,1983,2:34-43.LI K P,CHENG J F,WANG S P,et al. Research on the skin structure of buffalo[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural College,1983,2:34-43.(in Chinese)
[6] 罗克,林树根,黎文广.中国水牛Bubalus bubalis皮肤的微细结构[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),1985,1:9.LUO K,LING S G,LI W G. Microstructure of Bubalus bubalis skin in China[J]. Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Natural Science Edition),1985,1:9.(in Chinese)
[7] 王富金,李寿万.延边黄牛皮肤厚度的观察测量[J]. 延边农学院学报,1990,1:43-46.WANG F J,LI S W. Observation and measurement of skin thickness of Yanbian Yellow cattle[J]. Agricultural Science Journal of Yanbian University,1990,1:43-46. (in Chinese)
[8] 岳静.不同年龄牦牛皮肤的组织结构观察[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2013.YUE J. Tissue structure observation of yak skin in different age[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese)
[9] 胡倩倩,杨艳丽,周先建,等. 皖东黄牛皮肤组织结构特点观察[J].安徽科技学院学报,2014,5:6-9.HU Q Q,YANG Y L,ZHOU X J,et al. The characteristics of the skin structure of the Yellow cattle in East Anhui were observed[J]. Journal of Anhui Science and Technology University,2014,5:6-9. (in Chinese)
[10] 张海亮,徐伟,李想,等.北京地区荷斯坦牛皮肤褶皱厚度及其影响因素分析[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,20:57-62.ZHANG H L,XU W,LI X,et al. Analysis on the thickness of skin fold and its influencing factors in Holstein in Beijing[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2016,20:57-62. (in Chinese)
[11] JAN H等著,李胜利等译. 奶牛信号[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2011.JAN H,et al(editor).LI S L,et al(translator). The Cow Signal[M].Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2011. (in Chinese)
[12] 罗汉鹏,武俊达,邱文卿,等. 奶牛乳头长度与泌乳性能相关性的初步探究[J].畜牧与兽医,2016,6:67-69.LUO H P,WU J D,QIU W Q,et al. A preliminary study on the correlation between nipple length and lactation performance[J]. Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2016,6:67-69. (in Chinese)
[13] PATEL U G,ANDERSON D W. Variation of skin thickness in dairy cattle[J].Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture,1958,26:18-24.
[14] TUCKER C B,ROGERS A R,VERKERK G A,et al. Effects of shelter and body condition on the behaviour and physiology of dairy cattle in winter[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2007,105(1):1-13.
[15] TULLOH N M. Variations in the skin and skin-fold thickness of beef cattle[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1961,12(5):992-1004.
[16] HAMID M A,HUSAIN S M I,KHAN M K I,et al. Skin thickness in relation to milk production in crossbred cows[J].Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences,2000,3(9):1525-1529.
[17] GREGORY N G,ROBINS J K,THOMAS D G,et al. Relationship between body condition score and body composition in dairy cows[J].New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research,1998,41(4):527-532.
[18] BROWN D J,WOLCOTT M L,CROOK B J. The measurement of skin thickness in Merino sheep using real time ultrasound[J].Wool Technology and Sheep Breeding,2000,48(4):269-276.
[19] HAYMAN R H,BEESTON J W U,ALLEN T E,et al. Skin thickness in Sahiwal and Jersey cattle and its measurements[J].Age,1966,1(2):393.
[20] DOWLING D F.The thickness of cattle skin[J]. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1955,6(5):776-785.
[21] WALKER C A.The skin thickness of cattle in Northern Rhodesia[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science, 1957,49(2):211-213.
[22] RAHMAN S M,GILL R S. Relation between milk vein and udder skin thickness with milk yield in Murrah buffaloes[J].Indian Journal of Animal Production and Management,1981,7:119-123.
[23] 潘龙,卜登攀,孙鹏,等. 奶牛三大评分体系在实际生产中的应用[J].中国奶牛,2012,39(19):10-15.PAN L,BU D P,SUN P,et al. The application of cow's three scoring system in actual production[J]. China Dairy Cattle,2012,39(19):10-15. (in Chinese)
[24] 张洁,张程,侯扶江. 奶牛体况与胎次、泌乳阶段和生产性能的关系[J].草业科学,2016,33(4):771-777.ZHANG J,ZHANG C,HOU F J. The relationship between the condition of cow body and the prolactation and lactation stage and the production performance[J]. Practacultural Science,2016,33(4):771-777. (in Chinese)
[25] 陈佩琪,刘念锐,司永.成年母牛体况评分及其影响因素分析[J]. 乳业科学与技术,2010,33(1):42-45.CHENG P Q,LIU N C,SI Y. The analysis of body condition score of adult cows and influencing factors[J]. Journal of Dairy Science and Technology,2010,33(1):42-45. (in Chinese)
[26] 李吉楠, 孙鹏, 覃春富, 等.体况评分在奶牛饲养管理上应用的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医,2013,40(10):115-119.LI J N,SUN P,QIN C F,et al. The research progress of the application of the condition score in the management of dairy cattle[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2013,40(10):115-119. (in Chinese)