影响西农萨能奶山羊产奶性状的非遗传因素分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.02.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本试验旨在探究母羊出生年度、季节、胎次、泌乳阶段4个固定效应对西农萨能奶山羊产奶性状的影响。以西北农林科技大学萨能羊原种场2006-2018年的645只泌乳母羊为研究对象，每月采集乳样1次，采样日早、晚各采集1次，将两次乳样等比例混合后，采用乳成分分析仪测定乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率、总脂固形物、非脂固形物、密度、冰点和酸度共8个指标，结合羊场产奶量记录，采用固定效应模型，通过SAS 9.4软件进行表型的描述性统计分析，再采用GLM模型进行固定效应对产奶性状的影响分析。结果表明，西农萨能奶山羊平均300 d产奶量为507.67 kg，乳脂率为3.58%，乳蛋白率为3.20%，乳糖率为4.19%；总固形物含量为12.21%，非脂固形物含量为8.46%；出生年度、胎次对产奶量影响极显著（P<0.01），出生季节对产奶量影响不显著（P>0.05）；泌乳阶段、出生年度对乳脂率等8个乳成分性状均有极显著影响（P<0.01），胎次对除乳蛋白率和总固形物的其他6个乳成分指标均存在极显著影响（P<0.01）。综合以上试验结果，胎次及泌乳阶段是影响西农萨能奶山羊产奶性状的两种主要非遗传因素，第3、4胎母羊产奶性能最佳，泌乳早期的乳品质更优，揭示了对种群进行良种选育工作和羊饲养管理的重要性，也为后期进行奶山羊经济性状遗传评估和群体遗传改良提供理论基础。

关键词: 西农萨能奶山羊; 产奶量; 乳成分; 固定效应; 胎次; 泌乳阶段

Abstract: This experiment was aimed to explore the influence of four fixed effects of birth year,season,parity,and lactation stage on milk production traits of Xinong Saanen dairy goat.A total of 645 lactating does from 2006 to 2018 in the Xinong Saanen dairy goat breeding farm of Northwest A&F University were used as the research objects.Milk samples were collected once a month and collected once every morning and evening on the sampling day.Two milk samples from the same individual were mixed in equal proportions,which were determined through milk composition analyzer to obtain the concentrations of eight indexes including milk fat percentage,milk protein percentage,lactose percentage,total solids,non-lipid solid,density,freezing point and acidity.Combined with the milk production records of the farm,the fixed-effect model was used to perform descriptive statistical analysis of the phenotype through SAS 9.4,and then the GLM model was applied to analyze the impact of fixed-effects on milk production traits.The results showed that the average milk yield of Xinong Saanen dairy goats in 300 days was 507.67 kg,the milk fat percentage was 3.58%,the milk protein percentage was 3.20%,the lactose percentage was 4.19%,the total solids content was 12.21%,and the non-lipid solid content was 8.46%.The milk yield was extremely significantly affected by birth year and parity (P<0.01),while the birth season had no significant effect on milk yield (P>0.05).The lactation stage and birth year had extremely significant effects on all eight milk component traits including milk fat percentage (P<0.01).The parity had a extremely significant effect on six milk component traits except milk protein percentage and total solids(P<0.01).The results revealed that the parity and lactation stage were the two main non-genetic factors influencing the milk production traits of Xinong Saanen dairy goats.The third and forth parity had the best milk production performance.The milk quality in the early lactation stage was much better.Our findings revealed the potential importance of the selective breeding of excellent dairy goat population and feeding and management,which would further provide a theoretical basis for the genetic evaluation of economic traits and population genetic improvement of Xinong Saanen dairy goats.

Key words: Xinong Saanen dairy goat; milk yield; milk composition; fixed effect; parity; lactation stage

中图分类号:

S827

曾鑫, 王琬婷, 藏赛鸽, 岳子婷, 罗军, 李聪. 影响西农萨能奶山羊产奶性状的非遗传因素分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(2): 554-562.

ZENG Xin, WANG Wanting, ZANG Saige, YUE Ziting, LUO Jun, LI Cong. Analysis of Non-genetic Factors Affecting Milk Production Traits of Xinong Saanen Dairy Goat[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(2): 554-562.

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