非遗传因素对新疆地区荷斯坦奶牛在群寿命的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.03.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究非遗传因素影响荷斯坦奶牛在群寿命的规律，了解奶牛利用情况，本研究收集了新疆昌吉地区规模化牛场2011-2018年4 057头荷斯坦奶牛的离群、生产性能数据。运用SAS 9.2软件分析了场、离群年份、离群季节、淘汰类型对荷斯坦奶牛离群胎次、在群天数的影响，并进行最小二乘及多重比较分析。结果表明，离群年份和淘汰类型均对离群胎次和在群天数有极显著影响（P<0.01）；场、离群季节对离群胎次和在群天数影响不显著（P>0.05）。随着离群年份的增加，离群胎次呈先下降后上升再下降的趋势，2016年的离群胎次最高，为3.222胎，高于其他年份（P<0.01）；2018年的离群胎次最低，且极显著低于其他年份（P<0.01）；2015年在群天数高于其他年份，2018年的在群天数最低，为1 890.692 d，且极显著低于其他年份（P<0.01）；根据季节的不同，春季的离群胎次低于其他季节，在群天数极显著或显著低于秋季和冬季（P<0.01；P<0.05）；淘汰类型中肢蹄类疾病的离群胎次和在群天数极显著高于其他各类疾病（P<0.01），乳房类疾病极显著低于其他各类疾病（P<0.01）。因此，通过分析上述各非遗传因素对离群胎次和在群天数的影响，可以为规模化牧场奶牛日常管理提供理论依据，从而提高奶牛综合使用效率，延长奶牛寿命。

关键词: 离群胎次; 在群天数; 影响因素分析; 荷斯坦牛

Abstract: In order to explore the influence of various factors on the life span of Holstein dairy cows and understand the utilization of dairy cows,the outlier and performance data of 4 057 Holstein dairy cows in large-scale cattle farms in Changji area of Xinjiang from 2011 to 2018 were collected in this study.The effects of field,year,season and cull type on the stray parity and herd life in Holstein cattle were analyzed by SAS 9.2 software,and the least square and multiple comparative analysis were carried out.The results showed that both the year and the type of cull had a extremely significant effect on the number of stray parity and the herd life in the group (P<0.01),and the effect of the field and the season of strays on the number of stray parity and the herd life in the group was not significant (P>0.05).With the increase of stray years,the number of extraneous fetuses decreased first,then increased and then decreased.The number of stray parity in 2016 was the highest (3.222 births),which was higher than that in other years (P<0.01);The number of the stray parity was the lowest in 2018,and it was extremely significantly lower than that of the other years (P<0.01);In 2015,the herd life in the group was higher than that of other years.In 2018,the herd life in the group was the lowest,and it was 1 890.692 days,and was extremely significantly lower than that of other years (P<0.01);According to the seasons,the stray parity in spring was lower than that in other seasons,and the herd life in the group was lower than that in autumn and winter (P<0.01;P<0.05).The stray parity and herd life in-group days in the cull type of limb-hoof disease was extremely significantly higher than other kinds of diseases (P<0.01),and the breast disease was extremely significantly lower than other kinds of diseases (P<0.01).Therefore,by analyzing the influence of various factors on the stray parity and herd life in-group days,it could provide a theoretical basis for the daily management of dairy cows in large-scale pastures,so as to improve the comprehensive use efficiency of dairy cows and prolong their life.

Key words: stray parity; herd life; analysis of influencing factors; Holstein cattle

中图分类号:

S823

赵番番, 王丹, 马砚军, 马新兵, 葛建军, 张晓雪, 张梦华, 胥磊, 姜徽, 桑扎根, 黄锡霞. 非遗传因素对新疆地区荷斯坦奶牛在群寿命的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(3): 822-827.

ZHAO Fanfan, WANG Dan, MA Yanjun, MA Xinbing, GE Jianjun, ZHANG Xiaoxue, ZHANG Menghua, XU Lei, JIANG Hui, SANG Zhagen, HUANG Xixia. Effect of Non-Genetic Factors on Population Life of Holstein Dairy Cows in Xinjiang[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(3): 822-827.

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