荷斯坦奶牛休息时间的群体特征及影响因素分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.09.023

中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (9): 3323-3331.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.09.023

荷斯坦奶牛休息时间的群体特征及影响因素分析

马龙刚^1,2, 安涛^1,2, 张海亮², 竹磊^1,2, 王磊^1,2, 宁景扬², 王炎³, 郭刚³, 黄锡霞¹, 王雅春²

1. 新疆农业大学动物科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052;
2. 中国农业大学动物科学技术学院, 农业农村部动物遗传育种与繁殖(家畜)重点实验室, 畜禽育种国家工程实验室, 北京 100193;
3. 北京首农畜牧发展有限公司, 北京 100176

收稿日期:2021-03-23 出版日期:2021-09-20 发布日期:2021-09-17
通讯作者: 王雅春 E-mail:wangyachun@cau.edu.cn
作者简介:马龙刚(1996-),男,甘肃天水人,硕士生,研究方向:分子及数量遗传学,E-mail:13369452684@163.com
基金资助:
现代农业（奶牛）产业技术体系建设专项基金（CARS-36）；长江学者和创新团队发展计划（IRT_15R62）；农业品种改良提升专项（2130135）；北京三元种业科技股份有限公司自立科研课题（SYZYZ20190005）

Analysis of Population Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Rest Time in Holstein Dairy Cows

MA Longgang^1,2, AN Tao^1,2, ZHANG Hailiang², ZHU Lei^1,2, WANG Lei^1,2, NING Jingyang², WANG Yan³, GUO Gang³, HUANG Xixia¹, WANG Yachun²

1. College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction(MARA), National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
3. Beijing Sunlon Livestock Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China

Received:2021-03-23 Online:2021-09-20 Published:2021-09-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究北京地区荷斯坦奶牛休息时间的群体规律及影响因素，本研究收集了北京地区某规模化牧场2018年4月至2020年4月共838头荷斯坦奶牛的休息时间及对应的奶牛生产性能测定记录及环境温湿度数据，利用SAS 9.2软件的GLM过程分析了年份、季节、场区、胎次和泌乳月等因素对荷斯坦奶牛休息时间的影响，并分析了休息时间对荷斯坦奶牛生产性能的影响。结果显示，荷斯坦奶牛平均休息时间为397.39 min/d，范围为87.74~707.03 min/d，变异系数为26%；休息时间随季节呈先降低后升高的趋势，夏季最低，冬季最高；随环境温湿度的升高而逐渐降低；产犊和发病对休息时间均有较大影响，产犊和发病当天奶牛休息时间均存在一个峰值，之后逐渐降低至正常水平；测定年份、季节、场区、胎次和泌乳月份对休息时间均有极显著影响（P<0.01）；荷斯坦奶牛产奶量随休息时间的升高而降低。本研究为利用自动化记录设备探究奶牛的行为规律及利用连续测定的休息时间数据提高牛群的精准管理水平提供了理论依据。

关键词: 荷斯坦奶牛; 休息时间; 产犊; 疾病

Abstract: In order to explore the population characteristics and influencing factors of rest time in Holstein dairy cows in Beijing, the rest time records in 838 Holstein dairy cows from a large-scale farm, and the corresponding dairy herd improvement records, environmental temperature and humidity, management records were collected from April 2018 to April 2020. The GLM procedure in SAS 9.2 software was used to analyze the impacts of year, season, herd, parity and lactation month on rest time in Holstein dairy cows. The relationship between production performance and rest time was also analyzed. The results showed that the average rest time in Holstein dairy cows was 397.39 min/d, ranging from 87.74 to 707.03 min/d, and the coefficient of variation was 26%. The rest time firstly decreased and then increased with change of season, with the lowest in summer and the highest in winter, and it gradually decreased with the increase of environmental temperature and humidity index. The rest time in dairy cows reached a peak high level when they calved or suffered from health events, and then it gradually decreased to base levels. Measuring year, season, herd, parity and lactation month had extremely significant impacts on rest time (P<0.01). The milk production showed a decrease trend with the increase of rest time in Holstein dairy cows. This study provided a theoretical basis for the use of automatic recording equipment to explore the behavior of dairy cows and the use of continuously measured rest time data to improve the accurate management level of dairy cows.

Key words: Holstein dairy cows; rest time; calving; disease

中图分类号:

S823.9⁺1

马龙刚, 安涛, 张海亮, 竹磊, 王磊, 宁景扬, 王炎, 郭刚, 黄锡霞, 王雅春. 荷斯坦奶牛休息时间的群体特征及影响因素分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(9): 3323-3331.

MA Longgang, AN Tao, ZHANG Hailiang, ZHU Lei, WANG Lei, NING Jingyang, WANG Yan, GUO Gang, HUANG Xixia, WANG Yachun. Analysis of Population Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Rest Time in Holstein Dairy Cows[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(9): 3323-3331.

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荷斯坦奶牛休息时间的群体特征及影响因素分析

Analysis of Population Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Rest Time in Holstein Dairy Cows

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