不同精料补喂量对准噶尔双峰驼粪便发酵参数和菌群结构的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.03.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究不同精料补喂量对准噶尔双峰驼粪便发酵参数和菌群结构的影响，以丰富对骆驼消化道发酵特征及菌群的认识。【方法】选取36峰准噶尔双峰驼母驼，随机分为3组，每组12峰，即放牧+补饲粗饲料组(A组)，在放牧+补饲粗饲料基础上每峰骆驼分别添加精料补充料2和4 kg/d组(B、C组)。试验预试期18 d，正试期42 d。试验第42天采用直肠取粪法采集母驼的粪便样品，用于发酵参数、微生物多样性及菌群结构的检测分析。【结果】①随着精料补喂量的增加，A组双峰驼粪便中异丁酸和异戊酸浓度显著高于B、C组(P＜0.05)，而戊酸浓度和乙丙比显著低于C组(P＜0.05)。②A组双峰驼粪便中Chao1和Observed species指数显著高于C组(P＜0.05)，精料补喂量增加对其他指数均无显著影响(P＞0.05)。③在门水平，3组双峰驼粪便中排名前三的分别为厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和疣微菌门。A组双峰驼粪便中拟杆菌门相对丰度显著低于B、C组(P＜0.05)，解糖微小寄生菌门相对丰度则显著高于B、C组(P＜0.05)；A、B组双峰驼粪便中放线菌门相对丰度显著高于C组(P＜0.05)。④在科水平，3组双峰驼粪便中排名前三的分别为瘤胃球菌科、毛螺菌科和拟杆菌科。A组双峰驼粪便中拟杆菌科相对丰度显著高于C组(P＜0.05)，理研菌科相对丰度显著低于B、C组(P＜0.05)。⑤在属水平，3组双峰驼粪便中排名前三的分别为阿克曼菌属、颤螺旋菌属和瘤胃球菌属。A组双峰驼粪便中瘤胃球菌属相对丰度显著高于B、C组(P＜0.05)，而梭菌属相对丰度显著低于B、C组(P＜0.05)。⑥补喂精料时，双峰驼粪便中部分菌群的相对丰度与挥发性脂肪浓度呈显著相关(P＜0.05)，且随着精料添加量的增加而发生变化。⑦3组双峰驼粪便菌群共检测到7条代谢通路。【结论】本试验条件下，不同精料补喂量显著影响准噶尔双峰驼粪便发酵参数和粪便菌群的丰富度，并改变了菌群结构。研究结果丰富了对骆驼粪便菌群结构的认识。

关键词: 准噶尔双峰驼; 精料补充料; 粪便; 发酵参数; 菌群结构

Abstract: 【Objective】 This experiment was aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrate supplementation levels on the fermentative parameters and microflora structure of feces flora in Junggar Bactrian camels,so as to enrich the understanding of the fermentation characteristics and microbial community in digestive tract of camels.【Method】 Thirty-six female Junggar Bactrian camels were selected and randomly divided into three groups:Grazing+supplementary roughage group (group A),and on the basis of group A,groups B and C were assigned to supplement 2 and 4 kg/d concentrate supplementation,respectively.The pre-trial period was 18 days,and the formal period was 42 days.On the 42nd day of the experiment,fecal samples were collected from female camels using the rectal sampling method.The samples were utilized for the detection and analysis of fermentation parameters,microbial diversity and community structure.【Result】 ①With the increase of concentrate supplementation,the concentrations of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in feces of Bactrian camels in group A were significantly higher than those in groups B and C (P＜0.05),while the concentration of valeric acid and acetic acid/propionic acid in group A were significantly lower than those in group C (P＜0.05).②The Chao1 and Observed species indexes in group A were significantly higher than those in group C (P＜0.05),but concentrate supplementation had no significant effect on the other indexes (P＞0.05).③At the phylum level,the top 3 of fecal flora in Bactrian camels among 3 groups were Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia,respectively.The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in feces of Bactrian camels in group A was significantly lower than that in groups B and C (P＜0.05),while the relative abundance of Microsporidia of glycolysis was significantly higher than that in groups B and C (P＜0.05).The relative abundance of Actinobacteria in feces of Bactrian camels in groups A and B was significantly higher than that in group C (P＜0.05).④At the family level,the top 3 of fecal flora in Bactrian camels among 3 groups were Ruminococcaceae,Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroidaceae,respectively.The relative abundance of Bacteroidaceae in feces of Bactrian camels in group A was significantly higher than that in group C (P＜0.05),while the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae was significantly lower than that in groups B and C (P＜0.05).⑤At the genus level,the top 3 of fecal flora in Bactrian camels among 3 groups were Akkermansia, Oscillospira and Ruminococcus,respectively.The relative abundance of Ruminococcus in feces of Bactrian camels in group A was significantly higher than that in groups B and C (P＜0.05),while the relative abundance of Clostridium was significantly lower than that in groups B and C (P＜0.05).⑥When supplementing with concentrate,the relative abundance of certain bacterial communities in feces of Bactrian camels showed a significant correlation with the volatile fatty acid concentration,and these changed as the amount of concentrate added increasing. ⑦There were 7 metabolic pathways were detected in fecal flora in Bactrian camels among 3 groups.【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this experiment,different amounts of concentrate supplement significantly affected the fermentation parameters and microbial abundance in feces of Junggar Bactrian camels,and altered the structure of the microbial community.The results had enriched the understanding of fecal flora structure in camels.

Key words: Junggar Bactrian camels; concentrate supplementation; feces; fermentative parameters; microflora structure

中图分类号:

S824

李志伟, 谢欣杰, 沈宇淞, 王卉, 许明, 臧长江, 杨开伦, 李凤鸣. 不同精料补喂量对准噶尔双峰驼粪便发酵参数和菌群结构的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(3): 1033-1044.

LI Zhiwei, XIE Xinjie, SHEN Yusong, WANG Hui, XU Ming, ZANG Changjiang, YANG Kailun, LI Fengming. Effects of Different Concentrate Supplementation Levels on Fecal Fermentative Parameters and Microflora Structure of Junggar Bactrian Camels[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(3): 1033-1044.

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