人工补光对阿山马鹿茸生长及粪便激素水平的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.01.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨人工补光对阿山马鹿茸生长及粪便激素水平的影响。【方法】选取成年健康阿山马鹿36头,随机分为补光组和自然光照组,每组18头,补光组于2月1日起按照试验地点的日出日落时刻表,采用投光灯进行补光试验(于2月模拟3月光照,以此类推,直至5月底)。试验期间每隔7 d采用部分收粪法收集每个鹿圈的5个不同位点的新鲜粪便样品,并测量鹿茸长度,割茸时称量鲜茸重;采用酶联免疫法检测粪便中睾酮、雌二醇、褪黑素含量。采样监测持续到8月底。【结果】与自然光照组相比,补光组马鹿提前10 d脱盘,两组马鹿头茬茸重无显著差异(P＞0.05),但补光组长茸时长较自然光照组延长11.18 d、二茬茸重提高28.30%(P＜0.05);补光组马鹿2、4月粪便睾酮含量显著或极显著低于自然光照组(P＜0.05;P＜0.01),2、3、5月粪便雌二醇含量显著或极显著高于自然光照组(P＜0.05;P＜0.01),2、3、4、5月粪便褪黑素含量极显著低于自然光照组(P＜0.01);补光结束后,两组间粪便激素水平及变化规律基本一致。【结论】人工补光可促使马鹿提前脱盘,延长长茸时间,提高鹿茸产量,并一定程度上降低粪便睾酮和褪黑素水平、提高雌二醇水平。

关键词: 人工补光; 阿山马鹿; 鹿茸生长; 粪便激素

Abstract: 【Objective】 To investigate the effect of artificial light supplementation on the growth of Ashan wapiti antlers and fecal hormone levels. 【Method】 Thirty-six healthy adult Ashan wapiti were selected and randomly divided into supplemental light group and natural light group,with 18 wapiti in each group. The supplemental light test started on February 1 according to the sunrise and sunset schedules of the experimental site,and spotlights was used to simulate the March light in February,and so on,untill the end of May.Fresh fecal samples were collected from five different sites in each pen every 7 d during the test period by partial fecal collection method,and antler length was measured,and fresh antler weight was weighed at the time of antler cutting,testosterone,estradiol and melatonin content of feces were measured by ELISA.Sampling and monitoring continued untill the end of August. 【Result】 Compared with natural light group,the wapiti in supplemental light group shed their antlers 10 d earlier,and there was no significant difference in the weight of the first antler crop between the two groups (P＞0.05),but the growing time of antler in the light-supplemented group was extended by 11.18 d, and the weight of the second antler crop was increased by 28.30% (P＜0.05). Compared with natural light group, the fecal testosterone content in February and April was significantly or extremely significantly lower (P＜0.05 or P<0.01),the fecal estradiol content in February,March and May was significantly or extremely significantly higher (P＜0.05 or P<0.01),and the fecal melatonin content in February,March,April and May was extremely significantly lower (P＜0.01) of the supplemental light group.After the light supplementation,the levels and changes of fecal hormones between the two groups were basically consistent. 【Conclusion】 Artificial light supplementation could promote early disk shedding,prolong antler growth,and increase antler yield,and to some extent reduce testosterone and melatonin levels and increase estradiol levels in feces.

Key words: artificial light supplementation; Ashan wapiti; antler growth; fecal hormone

中图分类号:

S825

于顺钦, 地力非热·那地尔, 阿地兰·阿不都热依木, 刘诗杰, 麦吾兰·麦麦提, 张欣欣, 库尔班·吐拉克. 人工补光对阿山马鹿茸生长及粪便激素水平的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(1): 70-79.

YU Shunqin, DILIFEIRE·Nadier, ADILAN·Abdureyimu, LIU Shijie, MAIWULAN·Maimaiti, ZHANG Xinxin, KUERBAN·Tulake. Effects of Artificial Light Supplementation on the Growth of Ashan Wapiti Antler and Fecal Hormone Levels[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(1): 70-79.

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