精料中维生素A添加水平对生茸期马鹿日粮营养物质消化、血液生化指标及鹿茸产量的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.08.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究精料维生素A（VA）添加水平对生茸期马鹿日粮营养物质消化、血液生化指标及鹿茸产量的影响，以阿尔泰马鹿为研究对象，选择健康、体重相近的5~7岁龄公鹿18头，随机分为3组，分别为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组，每组6头。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂VA添加水平为12 800、18 800和24 800 IU/kg的精料，粗饲料由苜蓿干草和麦秸组成，自由采食。预试期15 d，正试期66 d。结果表明：①试验Ⅰ组干物质（DM）、有机物（OM）、钙（Ca）、磷（P）的采食量极显著高于试验Ⅱ组（P<0.01），且粗蛋白质（CP）、粗脂肪（EE）采食量显著高于试验Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。试验Ⅲ组粗蛋白质、磷采食量显著高于试验Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。②试验Ⅰ组磷消化率显著高于试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组（P<0.05），其余营养物质消化率各组间无显著差异（P>0.05）。③精料VA添加水平对阿尔泰马鹿的蛋白质代谢和糖脂代谢没有产生显著影响（P>0.05）。但血液总蛋白（TP）、血糖（GLU）随着VA添加水平的升高有升高的趋势，而总胆固醇（TC）、尿素氮（UREA）等则有下降的趋势。④血液谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性随着VA水平的升高而降低，其中试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组的碱性磷酸酶活性显著低于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.05）。⑤血液免疫球蛋白含量随着VA添加水平的升高而升高，其中试验Ⅲ组的免疫球蛋白G（IgG）含量极显著高于试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组（P<0.01）。⑥试验Ⅲ组的丙二醛（MDA）含量显著低于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.05）、谷胱甘肽-过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）活性极显著高于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.01）。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）随着VA添加水平升高呈极显著升高变化（P<0.01）。⑦试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组血液生长激素（GH）含量极显著高于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.01），试验Ⅲ组的胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）和VA含量极显著高于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.01），血液雌二醇（E₂）含量随着饲喂精料VA水平的升高而升高（P<0.01）。血液睾酮（T）和25-羟基维生素D₃（25-OH-VD₃）含量有随VA水平升高而升高的趋势（P>0.05）。⑧各组之间鹿茸产量无显著性差异（P>0.05），其中试验Ⅰ组最高，试验Ⅲ组产茸量最低。综上，在本试验条件下，精料VA添加水平为12 800 IU/kg时阿尔泰马鹿有较高的采食量和鹿茸产量，精料VA添加水平为24 800 IU/kg时阿尔泰马鹿有较强的免疫和抗氧化功能。综合生产效益，推荐马鹿精料VA添加水平为12 800 IU/kg。

关键词: 阿尔泰马鹿; 鹿茸产量; 维生素A; 消化率; 血液生化指标

Abstract: This experiment was conducted to study the effects of vitamin A levels of concentrate supplement on the digestion of dietary nutrients,blood biochemical indexes and antler yield of red deer.Eighteen Altai red deers,aged 5 to 7 years old with similar weight and good health were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups,with 6 replicates per group.And they were fed experimental concentrate supplements containing different vitamin A levels,which were 12 800 IU/kg (group Ⅰ),18 800 IU/kg (group Ⅱ) and 24 800 IU/kg (group Ⅲ) respectively.The deers were fed with roughage composed of alfalfa hay and straw freely.And the preliminary feeding period was 15 d and the trial period was 66 d.The results showed that:① The intake of dry matter (DM),organic matter (OM),calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in group Ⅰ were extremely significantly higher than that in the group Ⅱ (P<0.01),and the intake of crude protein (CP) and crude fat (EE) were significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ (P<0.05).CP and P intake in group Ⅲ were significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ (P<0.05).② The digestibility of P in group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P<0.05),while there was no significant difference in the digestibility of other nutrients among the groups (P>0.05).③ The addition of vitamin A in concentrate had no significant effect on protein metabolism and glucose and lipid metabolism in Altai red deer (P>0.05).However,total blood protein (TP) and blood glucose (GLU) increased with the increase of vitamin A,while total cholesterol (TC) and UREA nitrogen decreased.④ AST,ALT and ALP decreased with the increase of vitamin A level,among which the activity of ALP in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly lower than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.05).⑤ The blood immunoglobulin content increased with the increase of vitamin A level,among which the immunoglobulin G (IgG) content in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.01).⑥Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.05) and glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.01).Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the three groups increased significantly with the increase of vitamin A level (P<0.01).⑦ Blood growth hormone (GH) contents of groups Ⅲ and Ⅱ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.01),insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and vitamin A contents of group Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.01),blood estradiol (E₂) level rises with concentrate vitamin A level (P<0.01).The blood testosterone (T) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25-OH-VD₃) levels increased (P>0.05).⑧ There was no significant difference in velvet antler yield among the groups (P>0.05),with the highest antler yield in group Ⅰ and the lowest in group Ⅲ.To sum up,under the conditions of this experiment,Altai red deer had higher feed intake and antler yield when the vitamin A content of concentration was 12 800 IU/kg,while Altai red deer had stronger immune and antioxidant functions when the vitamin A content of concentration was 24 800 IU/kg.Comprehensive production benefits,recommended concentrate vitamin A level of 12 800 IU/kg was better.

Key words: Altai red deer; concentrate supplement; vitamin A; digestion; blood biochemical indexes

中图分类号:

S825

曹英, 库尔班·吐拉克, 杨开伦, 贺贺千, 华兴耀, 李璐, 金大智, 杨玮, 李彦林. 精料中维生素A添加水平对生茸期马鹿日粮营养物质消化、血液生化指标及鹿茸产量的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(8): 2454-2463.

CAO Ying, KUERBAN·Tulake, YANG Kailun, HE Heqian, HUA Xingyao, LI Lu, JIN Dazhi, YANG Wei, LI Yanlin. Effects of Supplemental Vitamin A Levels of Concentrate Supplement on Nutrient Digestion,Blood Biochemical Indexes and Antler Yield of Red Deer at Antler Growing Stage[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(8): 2454-2463.

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