日粮中紫苏饼、菜籽粕代替豆粕对肉牛养分表观消化率及氮代谢的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.09.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 试验旨在研究日粮中紫苏饼、菜籽粕代替豆粕对肉牛养分表观消化率及氮代谢的影响。选择20头体重相近、健康状况良好的12月龄左右的秦川肉牛（母牛）为试验动物，按照单因素随机区组设计，将20头试验牛分为5组，每组4头牛。不同试验组日粮中分别添加以31%豆粕（对照）、36%菜籽粕、14%紫苏饼+24%菜籽粕、28%紫苏饼+12%菜籽粕和42%紫苏饼为蛋白质原料配制的5种不同的精饲料。试验持续120 d，其中预饲期15 d，正试期105 d。试验期间，测定每头试验牛每天的摄入氮、尿氮及粪氮，测定日粮中干物质（DM）、有机物（OM）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）的表观消化率。结果表明：① 42%紫苏饼组摄入氮含量最高，36%菜籽粕组最低，但各组间氮含量差异不显著（P>0.05）；36%菜籽粕组的粪氮显著高于28%和42%紫苏饼组（P<0.05），且与31%豆粕组和14%紫苏饼组差异不显著（P>0.05）；② 42%紫苏饼组的沉积氮最高，与其他各组均差异显著（P<0.05），其中31%豆粕组显著高于36%菜籽粕组（P<0.05）；③ 42%紫苏饼组的DM、ADF表观消化率显著高于31%豆粕组和36%菜籽粕组（P<0.05），14%和28%紫苏饼组的DM、OM和NDF的表观消化率均差异不显著（P>0.05）；④ 14%紫苏饼组尿液中尿素氮含量显著高于31%豆粕组和42%紫苏饼组（P<0.05），且与36%菜籽粕组和28%紫苏饼组差异不显著（P>0.05）；31%豆粕组尿液中马尿酸氮含量显著高于36%菜籽粕组和42%紫苏饼组（P<0.05），而这3组均显著高于14%和28%紫苏饼组（P<0.05）；31%豆粕组的尿囊素氮含量显著高于42%紫苏饼组（P<0.05），与其他3组差异不显著（P>0.05）；各组的肌酸氮、微生物氮预测值、尿素氮/尿氮、肌酸氮/尿氮和嘌呤衍生物氮/尿氮均没有显著差异（P>0.05）。综上，本试验条件下，精料中用42%紫苏饼代替31%豆粕，肉牛氮沉积最高，比对照组高3.65 g/d；DM、OM、NDF、ADF的表观消化率分别比对照组高3.45%、2.22%、6.56%、10.98%。

关键词: 秦川肉牛; 氮代谢; 表观消化率; 含氮化合物

Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of perilla cake and rapeseed meal instead of soybean meal on the apparent digestibility and nitrogen metabolism of beef cattle.20 Qinchuan beef cattle of about 12 months old with similar weight and good health were selected and divided into 5 groups with 4 cattle in each group according to the univariate randomized block design.Five different protein feeds treatments were 31% soybean meal,36% rapeseed meal,14% perilla cake+24% rapeseed meal,28% perilla cake+12% rapeseed meal and 42% perilla cake,respectively.The experiment lasted 120 days,of which the pre-feeding period was 15 days and the trial period was 105 days.During the test,the daily intake of nitrogen,urine nitrogen and fecal nitrogen,the apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DM),organic matter (OM),neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of each test cow were determined.The results showed that:① The 42% perilla cake group had the highest nitrogen intake,and the 36% rapeseed meal group had the lowest nitrogen content,and the differences between the groups were not significant (P>0.05).The manure nitrogen in 36% rapeseed meal group was significantly higher than 28% and 42% perilla cake groups (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference with 31% soybean meal group and 14% perilla cake group (P>0.05).② The 42% perilla cake group had the highest sedimentary nitrogen,which was significantly different from other groups (P<0.05),and the 31% soybean meal group was significantly higher than 36% rapeseed meal group (P<0.05).③ The apparent digestibility of DM and ADF in 42% perilla cake group were significantly higher than those in 31% soybean meal group and 36% rapeseed meal group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in apparent digestibility of DM,OM and NDF between 14% and 28% perilla cake groups (P>0.05).④ The content of urea nitrogen in 14% perilla cake group was significantly higher than 31% soybean meal group and 42% perilla cake group (P<0.05),and it was not significantly different from the 36% rapeseed meal group and 28% perilla cake group (P>0.05).The 31% soybean meal group had significantly higher nitrosate nitrogen content than 36% rapeseed meal group and 42% perilla cake group (P<0.05),and these three groups were significantly higher than 14% and 28% perilla cake groups (P<0.05).Allantoin nitrogen in 31% soybean meal group was significantly higher than 42% perilla cake group (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference from the other three groups (P>0.05).There was no significant differences in creatine nitrogen,microbial nitrogen predicted value,urea nitrogen/urine nitrogen,creatine nitrogen/urine nitrogen,and purine derivative nitrogen/urine nitrogen among all groups (P>0.05).In summary,in this test,when 42% perilla cake was used instead of 31% soybean meal in the concentrate,the beef cattle had the highest nitrogen deposition,which was 3.65 g/d higher than 31% soybean meal group.The apparent digestibility of DM,OM,NDF and ADF were 3.45%,2.22%,6.56%,and 10.98% higher than 31% soybean meal group,respectively.

Key words: Qinchuan beef cattle; nitrogen metabolism; apparent digestibility; nitrogenous compounds

中图分类号:

S816.4

夏志军, 宋钰, 常玮学, 昝林森. 日粮中紫苏饼、菜籽粕代替豆粕对肉牛养分表观消化率及氮代谢的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(9): 2789-2798.

XIA Zhijun, SONG Yu, CHANG Weixue, ZAN Linsen. Effects of Perilla Cake and Rapeseed Meal Instead of Soybean Meal in Diet on Apparent Digestibility and Nitrogen Metabolism of Beef Cattle[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(9): 2789-2798.

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