低磷饲粮中添加植酸酶对鹅生长性能、血浆生化指标和粪中氮磷含量的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.12.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究在低磷饲粮中添加不同剂量植酸酶对28～70日龄鹅生长性能、血浆生化指标、屠宰性能和粪中氮、磷含量的影响。【方法】选取28日龄四川白鹅母鹅200只，随机分为5组，每组5个重复，每个重复8只鹅。正对照组(PC组)饲喂总磷含量为0.7%(有效磷为0.35%)的常规饲粮；负对照组(NC组)饲喂总磷含量为0.5%(有效磷为0.15%)的低磷饲粮；试验组饲喂在NC组的基础上分别添加1 000(NC1000)、2 000(NC2000)和4 000 IU/kg(NC4000)植酸酶的饲粮，试验期42 d。以重复为单位记录各组试验鹅采食量、初始体重和终末体重，计算平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比；70日龄时，从每重复选取2只鹅翅静脉采血，测定血浆生化指标；从每重复选取与该重复平均体重接近的1只鹅屠宰，测定屠宰性能；从每重复选取2只接近平均体重的鹅收集新鲜粪样，测定粪中总氮、总磷含量。【结果】 ①PC、NC1000、NC2000、NC4000组鹅终末体重、平均日增重和平均日采食量均显著高于NC组(P＜0.05)，各组间料重比无显著差异(P＞0.05)。②PC、NC1000、NC2000、NC4000组鹅血浆磷含量均显著高于NC组(P＜0.05)，NC2000和NC4000组鹅血浆碱性磷酸酶活性均显著低于NC和NC1000组(P＜0.05)，低磷饲粮中添加植酸酶对鹅血浆总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、葡萄糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、钙含量和乳酸脱氢酶、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性均无显著影响(P＞0.05)。③PC、NC1000、NC2000、NC4000组鹅屠宰率和半净膛率均显著高于NC组(P＜0.05)，植酸酶对鹅全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率、瘦肉率、皮脂率、腹脂率、肠道重量和长度均无显著影响(P＞0.05)。④植酸酶对鹅粪中总氮含量无显著影响(P＞0.05)，NC、NC1000、NC2000、NC4000组鹅粪总磷含量显著低于PC组(P＜0.05)。【结论】低磷饲粮中添加植酸酶可改善28～70日龄鹅生长性能和屠宰性能，降低磷排放。在本试验条件下，在总磷含量为0.5%的低磷饲粮中添加1 000 IU/kg植酸酶较为适宜。

关键词: 植酸酶; 鹅; 生长性能; 血浆生化指标; 屠宰性能

Abstract: 【Objective】 This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of phytase supplementation in low phosphorus diet on growth performance,plasma biochemical parameters,carcass traits,the contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the feces of geese from 28 to 70 days of age.【Method】 A total of 200 28-day-old geese were randomly allotted to 5 groups with 5 replicates per group and 8 goslings per replicate.Geese in the positive control group (PC group) were fed a routine diet containing 0.7% total phosphorus (available phosphorus level were 0.35%),geese in the negative control group (NC group) were fed a low phosphorus diet containing 0.5% total phosphorus (available phosphorus level were 0.15%),and others in experimental groups were fed low phosphorus diets supplemented with 1 000 (NC1000 group),2 000 (NC2000 group) and 4 000 IU/kg (NC4000 group) phytase,respectively.The experiment lasted for 42 days.The feed intake,initial body weight,and final body weight of each replicate were recorded to calculate the average daily gain,average daily feed intake,and feed/gain.At the age of 70 days,two geese were selected from each replicate for blood collection from the wing vein to determine plasma biochemical parameter.One goose was selected from each replicate according to the average body weight of corresponding replicate and were slaughtered for carcass trait measurement.Two geese were selected from each replicate according to the average body weight for droppings collection,and determination of total nitrogen and total phosphorus.【Result】 ① The final body weight,average daily gain and average daily feed intake of geese in PC,NC1000,NC2000 and NC4000 groups were significantly higher than those in NC group (P＜0.05),there were no differences in feed/gain among the groups (P＞0.05).② The plasma phosphorus content of geese in PC,NC1000,NC2000 and NC4000 groups were significantly higher than those in NC group (P＜0.05),the plasma alkaline phosphatase activity of geese in NC2000 and NC4000 groups were significantly lower than those in NC and NC1000 groups (P＜0.05),phytase supplementation in low phosphorus diet had no significant effect on plasma total protein,albumin,globulin,glucose,triglyceride,cholesterol and calcium concentrations and alanine amino transferase,aspartate amino transferase,lactate dehydrogenase activities of geese (P＞0.05).③ The dressed percentage and half eviscerated ratio of geese in the PC,NC1000,NC2000 and NC4000 groups were significantly higher than those in NC group (P＜0.05),phytase supplementation in low phosphorus diet had no significant effect on eviscerated ratio,breast muscle ratio,leg muscle ratio,lean meat ratio,abdominal fat ratio,skin fat ratio and intestinal weight and length of geese (P＞0.05).④ Phytase supplementation in low phosphorus diet had no significant effect on the total nitrogen content in the feces of geese (P＞0.05),the total phosphorus content in the feces in NC,NC1000,NC2000 and NC4000 groups were significantly lower than those in PC group (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 The phytase supplementation in low phosphorus diet could improve the growth performance and carcass trait of geese from 28 to 70 days of age,and decrease emission of phosphorus.Under this experiment condition,the suitable addition of phytase was 1 000 IU/kg in low phosphorus diet that total phosphorus was 0.5%.

Key words: phytase; goose; growth performance; plasma biochemical parameter; carcass trait

中图分类号:

S816.7

刘作兰, 陈英, 薛佳佳, 黄晓凤, 钟航, 罗艺, 谢群, 王启贵, 汪超. 低磷饲粮中添加植酸酶对鹅生长性能、血浆生化指标和粪中氮磷含量的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(12): 5234-5243.

LIU Zuolan, CHEN Ying, XUE Jiajia, HUANG Xiaofeng, ZHONG Hang, LUO Yi, XIE Qun, WANG Qigui, WANG Chao. Effects of Phytase Supplementation in Low Phosphorus Diet on Growth Performance, Plasma Biochemical Parameters,and the Contents of Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus in the Feces of Geese[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(12): 5234-5243.

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