饲粮代谢能水平对盐津乌骨鸡雏鸡肠道发育及盲肠微生物的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.11.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】本试验旨在研究饲粮代谢能水平对1～42日龄盐津乌骨鸡肠道发育及盲肠微生物多样性的影响，为盐津乌骨鸡雏鸡的科学养殖提供参考。【方法】将200只健康、体重相近的1日龄盐津乌骨鸡随机分为5个处理，每个处理5个重复，每个重复8只鸡，分别饲喂11.40、12.00、12.60、13.20和13.80 MJ/kg 5个代谢能水平的饲粮，42日龄时，每个重复取1只鸡屠宰，分离各肠段并测定其长度和重量，取盲肠内容物利用Illumina NovaSeq高通量测序平台分析盲肠菌群多样性。【结果】 11.40和12.00 MJ/kg组盐津乌骨鸡平均盲肠长度显著高于13.20和13.80 MJ/kg组(P＜0.05)；11.40 MJ/kg组盐津乌骨鸡直肠的绝对质量和相对质量均显著高于12.60和13.80 MJ/kg组(P＜0.05)；饲粮代谢能水平对盐津乌骨鸡盲肠微生物Alpha多样性指数均无显著影响(P＞0.05)，11.40 MJ/kg组微生物群落结构与12.60、13.20和13.80 MJ/kg组有明显差异；门水平上，5组盐津乌骨鸡盲肠微生物共有的优势菌门有厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和脱硫杆菌门，12.00 MJ/kg组盲肠蓝藻菌门相对丰度显著高于11.40、12.60和13.80 MJ/kg组(P＜0.05)；属水平上，5组盐津乌骨鸡盲肠优势菌属有粪便菌属、拟杆菌属、另枝菌属和未分类颤螺旋菌科，11.40和12.60 MJ/kg组[瘤胃球菌属]_torques_group属相对丰度显著高于13.20和13.80 MJ/kg组(P＜0.05)。【结论】在本试验条件下，代谢能水平为13.20和13.80 MJ/kg会在一定程度上抑制盐津乌骨鸡雏鸡盲肠和直肠的发育，并抑制部分致病菌的生长；饲粮代谢能水平对盐津乌骨鸡盲肠微生物Alpha多样性影响较小，但会影响盲肠微生物群落结构，并引起微生物优势菌群及其相对丰度的变化。

关键词: 代谢能水平; 盐津乌骨鸡; 肠道发育; 微生物多样性

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of dietary metabolizable energy level on the intestinal development and cecal microbial diversity of Yanjin Silky chickens aged 1-42 days. 【Method】 A total of 200 healthy 1-day-old Yanjin Silky chickens with similar body weight were randomly divided into 5 groups with 5 replicates in each group and 8 chickens in each replicate.The chickens were fed five experimental diets with metabolizable energy levels of 11.40,12.00,12.60,13.20 and 13.80 MJ/kg,respectively.At 42 days of age,one chicken was taken from each replicate for slaughter,each intestinal segment was separated and its length and mass were determined,and the contents of the cecum were taken to analyze the diversity of cecal microbial flora by the Illumina NovaSeq high-throughput sequencing platform. 【Result】 The mean cecal length of Yanjin Silky chickens in 11.40 and 12.00 MJ/kg groups were significantly higher than that of 13.20 and 13.80 MJ/kg groups (P＜0.05).The absolute and relative mass of rectum in 11.40 MJ/kg group was significantly higher than that in 12.60 and 13.80 MJ/kg groups (P＜0.05).Dietary metabolizable energy level had no significant effect on cecal microbial Alpha diversity index of Yanjin Silky chickens (P＞0.05),but the microbial community structure in 11.40 MJ/kg group was obvious different from that in 12.60,13.20 and 13.80 MJ/kg groups.At the phylum level,Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes and Desulfurobacteria were the dominant phyla in the caecum of the five groups of Yanjin Silky chickens,and the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria of 12.00 MJ/kg group was significantly higher than that in 11.40, 12.60 and 13.80 MJ/kg groups (P＜0.05).At the genus level,the dominant genera in the caecum of the five groups were Faecalibacterium,Bacteroides,Alistipes and unclassified_Oscillospiraceae,and the relative abundance of [Ruminococcus]_torques_group in 11.40 and 12.60 MJ/kg groups were significantly higher than that in 13.20 and 13.80 MJ/kg groups (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 Under these experimental conditions,the dietary metabolizable energy levels of 13.20 and 13.80 MJ/kg could inhibit the development of caecum and rectum and the growth of some pathogenic bacteria to a certain extent.Dietary metabolizable energy level had little effect on cecal microbial Alpha diversity of Yanjin Silky chickens,but it could affect the structure of cecal microbial community and caused changes in the dominant microbial flora and their relative abundance.

Key words: metabolizable energy level; Yanjin Silky chickens; intestinal development; microbial diversity

中图分类号:

S831.5

汤安兴, 张正菲, 孙金东, 付礼想, 王星仙, 张诗云, 李赐恩, 杨亮宇, 陶琳丽, 牛国一. 饲粮代谢能水平对盐津乌骨鸡雏鸡肠道发育及盲肠微生物的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(11): 4792-4801.

TANG Anxing, ZHANG Zhengfei, SUN Jindong, FU Lixiang, WANG Xingxian, ZHANG Shiyun, LI Cien, YANG Liangyu, TAO Linli, NIU Guoyi. Effects of Dietary Metabolizable Energy Levels on Intestinal Development and Cecal Microbial of Yanjin Silky Chickens[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(11): 4792-4801.

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