微生物发酵床猪舍空气微生物种群结构的研究

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2018.02.031

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究微生物发酵床猪舍空气微生物的组成，采用自然沉降法对猪舍空气微生物进行收集，利用16S rRNA序列分析及形态观察确定微生物的分类，揭示猪舍空气微生物的多样性。从猪舍空气中共分离到细菌60余株，经过16S rRNA基因序列的同源性比对，最终确定27个代表菌株进行后续分析。分析结果表明，27株细菌中包含芽孢杆菌属14个种（51.9%），假单胞菌5个种（18.5%），葡萄球菌4个种（14.8%），苍白杆菌属、类芽孢杆菌属、赖氨酸芽孢杆菌属及单胞菌属各1个种；27株细菌中包含5种条件致病菌，6种有机物降解菌。采用SPSS分析将猪舍空气微生物按采集地点明显聚成6类：仅分布于猪舍下风处的菌、仅分布于猪舍上风处的菌、仅分布于猪舍外的菌、猪舍上风和下风处共有菌、猪舍下风处和猪舍外共有菌及3处共有菌。对猪舍空气微生物空间分布的研究显示，猪舍下风处微生物种类较多，有20种，多于猪舍上风处和猪舍外部，其中15种为下风处特有种。由于微生物以气溶胶的形式存在，猪舍内相邻位置具有相似的微生物组成。以上研究结果表明，微生物发酵床猪舍空气微生物种类丰富，且微生物分布与风向相关。

关键词: 微生物发酵床; 空气微生物; 自然沉降法; 微生物多样性

Abstract:

To explore the characteristics of air microorganism of piggery with microbial fermentation bed, and provide theoretical basis for the assessment of air quality of microbial fermentation bed, air samples were collected by the method of natural sedimentation. Air microorganism were cultured and identified based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis for investigating the diversity of piggery air microorganism. More than 60 strains were isolated and sequenced. Ultimately, 27 species were selected for subsequent analysis. The results showed that, among these 27 species, there were 14 Bacillus (51.9%), 5 Pseudomonas (18.5%), 4 Staphylococcus (14.8%), 1 Ochrobactrum, 1 Paenibacillus, 1 Lysinibacillus and 1 Luteimonas. 5 species of opportunistic pathogen and 6 species of organic degradation bacteria were found among these airborne bacteria. The airborne microbes were significantly clustered into 6 categories by SPSS analysis:Bacteria only distrusted in downwind piggery, bacteria only distrusted in windward piggery, bacteria only distrusted in outside piggery, bacteria distrusted in both windward and downwind piggery, bacteria distrusted in both downwind and outside piggery, and bacteria distrusted in all these three places.The species of airborne bacteria in downwind piggery were more than those of outside piggery and windward piggery. There were 20 species in downwind piggery, including 15 specific species. The adjacent locations had similar microbial composition because the microorganisms transported in the form of aerosol. Microbial fermentation bed has rich diversity of air microbial taxa, and the distributions of air microbial are affected by the wind.

Key words: microbial fermentation bed; air microorganism; natural sedimentation method; microbial diversity

中图分类号:

S851.2⁺4

陈倩倩, 刘波, 王阶平, 车建美, 张海峰, 朱育菁. 微生物发酵床猪舍空气微生物种群结构的研究[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2018, 45(2): 536-543.

CHEN Qianqian, LIU Bo, WANG Jieping, CHE Jianmei, ZHANG Haifeng, ZHU Yujing. Piggery Air Microbial Community of Microbial Fermentation Bed[J]. , 2018, 45(2): 536-543.

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