光周期调控对不同颜色绒山羊产绒相关激素的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.06.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究光周期调控对不同颜色绒山羊产绒相关激素的影响，旨在优化不同颜色类型绒山羊的养殖模式，提升羊绒的生产效率和质量。【方法】选取2岁不同颜色类型(红山羊(n=24)、白山羊(n=30)、黑山羊(n=10))绒山羊成年母羊共64只，随机分为2组：试验组(短光照，09:00-17:00)和对照组(自然光照)。在次级毛囊的不同生长期(休止期、兴盛前期、兴盛期、退行期)采集血液样本，通过ELISA试剂盒测定绒山羊血清中三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T₃)、甲状腺素(T₄)、催乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E₂)、生长激素(GH)、睾酮(T)和褪黑激素(MELT)浓度，利用SAS 9.0软件对试验组和对照组绒山羊不同生长期的激素浓度进行显著性检验，并采用CORR方法探讨短光照条件下两组绒山羊不同激素间的相关性。【结果】①在自然光照条件下，不同颜色绒山羊血清中激素浓度存在差异，如休止期红山羊血清中E₂浓度极显著高于白山羊(P＜0.01)，退行期红山羊血清中T浓度极显著高于白山羊和黑山羊(P＜0.01)等。②在短光照条件下，与对照组相比，兴盛前期和兴盛期红山羊血清中E₂浓度极显著或显著降低(P＜0.01；P＜0.05)；兴盛期T浓度显著升高(P＜0.05)；兴盛前期T₃浓度显著升高(P＜0.05)。白山羊兴盛前期、兴盛期和退行期血清中E₂浓度均显著降低(P＜0.05)；兴盛前期和兴盛期T浓度显著升高(P＜0.05)；兴盛前期和退行期T₄浓度显著或极显著升高(P＜0.05；P＜0.01)；T₃和GH浓度在兴盛期显著或极显著降低(P＜0.05；P＜0.01)，在退行期极显著升高(P＜0.01)。黑山羊兴盛前期和退行期血清中E₂浓度均极显著降低(P＜0.01)；兴盛前期、兴盛期和退行期T浓度显著升高(P＜0.05)。兴盛前期和兴盛期3种山羊血清中MELT浓度显著或极显著升高(P＜0.05；P＜0.01)，PRL浓度显著或极显著降低(P＜0.05；P＜0.01)。③相关性分析显示，在短光照条件下，红山羊血清中E₂与PRL、T与GH浓度均呈显著负相关(P＜0.05)；白山羊血清中T与E₂、MELT浓度呈显著正相关(P＜0.05)，PRL与T、T₄、GH、MELT浓度呈显著负相关(P＜0.05)；黑山羊血清中T与E₂、T₄浓度呈显著正相关(P＜0.05)，T₄与GH浓度呈显著负相关(P＜0.05)。【结论】不同颜色绒山羊对光周期变化的响应存在差异。在短光照条件下，红山羊以调节T₃和GH浓度为主；白山羊表现为T₄、GH和MELT浓度升高及T₃浓度降低；黑山羊集中于E₂、T和MELT浓度的变化。激素间的负相关关系提示存在颉颃作用。本研究结果为利用光周期调节优化绒山羊养殖提供科学依据。

关键词: 光周期; 绒山羊; 激素

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was aimed to investigate the effects of photoperiod regulation on fleece-related hormones in different color cashmere goats,so as to optimize breeding strategies for various types of cashmere goats and improve the production efficiency and quality of cashmere.【Method】 A total of 64 adult female cashmere goats,aged 2 years and of different coat colors (red goats (n=24),white goats (n=30) and black goats (n=10)),were randomly divided into two groups:Experimental group (short photoperiod,09:00-17:00) and control group (natural photoperiod).Blood samples were collected during different growth phases of the secondary hair follicles (telogen,early anagen,anagen and catagen phases).The concentrations of seven hormones in serum,triiodothyronine (T₃),thyroxine (T₄),prolactin (PRL),estradiol (E₂),growth hormone (GH),testosterone (T) and melatonin (MELT),were measured using ELISA kits.SAS 9.0 software was used to perform significance tests on hormone concentrations between experimental and control groups at different growth phases.CORR method was employed to explore the correlation of different hormones under short photoperiod conditions.【Result】 ①Under natural photoperiod,there were differences in hormone concentrations among different color cashmere goats,such as E₂ concentration in serum of red goats was extremely significantly higher than that of white goats during the telogen phase (P＜0.01),and T concentration in serum of red goats was extremely significantly higher than that of white and black goats during the catagen phase (P＜0.01).②Under short photoperiod,compared with control group,E₂ concentration in serum of red goats was extremely significantly or significantly decreased during the early anagen and anagen phases (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05),T concentration was significantly increased during the anagen phase (P＜0.05),and T₃ concentration was significantly increased during the early anagen phase (P＜0.05).E₂ concentration in serum of white goats was significantly decreased during the early anagen, anagen and catagen phases (P＜0.05),T concentration was significantly increased during the early anagen and anagen phases (P＜0.05),T₄ concentration was significantly or extremely significantly increased during the early anagen and catagen phases (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),T₃ and GH concentrations were significantly or extremely significantly decreased during the anagen phase (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and were extremely significantly increased during the catagen phase (P＜0.01).E₂ concentration in serum of black goats was extremely significantly decreased during the early anagen and catagen phases (P＜0.01),and T concentration was significantly increased during the early anagen,anagen and catagen phases (P＜0.05).All three types of goats showed a significant increase in MELT concentration and a significant decrease in PRL concentration of serum during the early anagen and anagen phases (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).③Under short photoperiod,the correlation results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between E₂ and PRL or T and GH concentrations in red goats (P＜0.05).T concentration was positively significantly correlated with E₂ and MELT concentrations (P＜0.05),and PRL concentration was negatively correlated with T,T₄,GH and MELT concentrations in white goats (P＜0.05).T concentration was positively significantly correlated with E₂ and T₄ concentrations in black goats (P＜0.05),and T₄ concentration was negatively correlated with GH concentration (P＜0.05).There were also non-significant negative correlation and antagonistic relationships among different hormones.【Conclusion】 There were differences in the response of different colored cashmere goats to photoperiod changes.Under short photoperiod, red goats primarily regulated T₃ and GH concentrations,white goats exhibited increased T₄,GH,and MELT concentrations and decreased T₃ concentration,while black goats mainly showed the changes in E₂,T and MELT concentrations.The negative correlations between hormones suggested antagonistic interactions.The results provided a scientific basis for optimizing cashmere goat breeding through photoperiod regulation.

Key words: photoperiod; cashmere goats; hormones

中图分类号:

S827.9⁺1

意乐其, 刘俊阳, 胥福勋, 吴铁成, 王涛, 孙雪峰, 朝鲁孟, 阿拉木斯, 高玉林, 刘斌. 光周期调控对不同颜色绒山羊产绒相关激素的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(6): 2705-2716.

YI Leqi, LIU Junyang, XU Fuxun, WU Tiecheng, WANG Tao, SUN Xuefeng, CHAO Lumeng, Alamusi, GAO Yulin, LIU Bin. Effects of Photoperiod Regulation on Fleece-related Hormones in Different Color Cashmere Goats[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(6): 2705-2716.

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