奶牛反刍行为影响因素及其智能化监测方法的应用

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.04.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着奶牛养殖技术的发展、饲料科技的进步及遗传改良的推进，奶牛的单产水平不断提高。许多国家的乳制品产量达到历史新高，而消费者对乳制品的需求也发生了变化，倾向于选择更优质的乳制品。反刍是反刍动物的特有行为，是反映其机体健康及生产性能的重要指标之一。反刍行为能够帮助反刍动物更好地消化和吸收食物中的养分，提高牛奶的产量和质量。同时对反刍动物反刍行为监测有助于生产者及时了解其健康状况和生产水平，帮助生产者及时调整养殖策略，减少经济损失。在养殖模式趋向于规模化、集约化的背景下，人工监测的时间成本和经济成本日趋高涨。随着科技的发展，智能化监测方法为反刍的自动监测提供了技术支撑，越来越多的智能化监测方案也涌现出来。特别是硬件技术和软件算法的不断更新迭代，无论是在接触式奶牛反刍监测方法或是非接触式奶牛反刍监测方法上，机器学习算法都开始崭露头角。作者从多个方面梳理了这些典型因素如何影响奶牛反刍行为，整理了监测反刍行为的常见接触式方法及非接触式智能化监测方法，阐述了相关方法的算法原理和应用效果，列举了部分反刍监测方法现阶段常见的应用并将其分类总结，探讨了现阶段反刍行为智能化监测存在的问题，并对其后续发展进行了展望，以期为相关研究提供参考。

关键词: 奶牛; 反刍行为; 反刍监测; 智能化

Abstract: With the development of dairy cattle breeding technology,advancements in feed science,and the progress of genetic improvement,the milk yield per cow has continuously increased.Many countries have seen their dairy production reach historical highs.Meanwhile,consumer demand for dairy products has also changed,with a tendency to choose higher-quality products.Rumination is a unique behavior of ruminant animals and is one of the important indicators reflecting their health and production performance.Rumination helps ruminants better digest and absorb nutrients from their food,improving both the quantity and quality of milk.Additionally,monitoring the rumination behavior of ruminants aids producers in timely understanding their health status and production levels,allowing them to adjust breeding strategies promptly and reduce economic losses.In the context of increasingly large-scale and intensive farming models,the time and economic costs of manual monitoring are rising.With technological advancements,intelligent monitoring methods have provided technical support for the automatic monitoring of rumination,leading to the emergence of more intelligent monitoring solutions.In particular,the continuous updates and iterations of hardware technology and software algorithms have begun to showcase machine learning algorithms in both contact-based and non-contact-based monitoring methods for dairy cow rumination.The authors review how these typical factors influence the rumination behavior of dairy cows from multiple aspects,it also organize common contact-based methods for monitoring rumination behavior,as well as non-contact intelligent monitoring methods.The paper elaborates on the algorithm principles and application effects of these relevant methods,listing some common applications of rumination monitoring methods at present and categorizing them.Finally,it discusses the existing issues in intelligent monitoring of rumination behavior and prospects for its future development,aiming to provide references for related research.

Key words: dairy cows; rumination behavior; rumination monitoring; intelligent monitoring

中图分类号:

S823.9⁺1

韩雨润, 史远刚, 康晓龙. 奶牛反刍行为影响因素及其智能化监测方法的应用[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(4): 1554-1566.

HAN Yurun, SHI Yuangang, KANG Xiaolong. Influencing Factors of Ruminating Behavior and the Application of Intelligent Monitoring Methods in Dairy Cows[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(4): 1554-1566.

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