新疆部分地区奶牛源大肠杆菌的流行性与耐药性分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.01.043

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探明新疆部分地区奶牛养殖场患病奶牛乳和环境中大肠杆菌流行情况及耐药性,为该地区大肠杆菌的临床合理用药提供依据。【方法】试验采用平板划线法对新疆部分地区的4个集约化养殖场171份样本(55份患病奶牛乳样本、116份环境样本)进行细菌分离纯化,采用形态学观察、革兰染色镜检、生化鉴定及分子生物学方法对大肠杆菌分离株进行鉴定,并利用微量肉汤稀释法及PCR法对大肠杆菌分离株进行16种抗菌药物的耐药表型及耐药基因分析。【结果】从171份样本中共分离出45株大肠杆菌,其中8株来自患病奶牛乳样本,分离率为14.55%(8/55),37株来自环境样本,分离率为31.90%(37/116)。所有分离株均呈粉红色圆形菌落,革兰染色镜检呈红色、短杆的革兰阴性菌。生化鉴定结果显示,分离菌乳糖、甘露醇、靛基质与MR检测呈阳性,氧化酶、H₂S、VP和西蒙氏柠檬酸盐检测呈阴性,符合大肠杆菌生化特点。药敏试验结果显示,大肠杆菌分离株对头孢噻吩、氨苄西林、链霉素和四环素表现不同程度的耐药性,耐药率分别为82.22%、48.89%、33.33%和33.33%,而对美罗培南、卡那霉素、庆大霉素、环丙沙星和复方新诺明表现较高的敏感性,敏感率均在85.00%以上,其中有16株大肠杆菌为多重耐药菌,多重耐药率为35.56%。耐药基因检测结果显示,大肠杆菌分离株β-内酰胺类耐药基因bla_TEM的阳性率为13.33%,氨基糖苷类耐药基因addA1和strA的阳性率分别为6.66%和11.11%,四环素类耐药基因tetA和tetC的阳性率分别为13.33%和33.33%。【结论】新疆部分地区奶牛养殖场分离的大肠杆菌主要对β-内酰胺类抗生素高度耐药,且多重耐药情况严重。

关键词: 奶牛乳房炎; 大肠杆菌; 药敏试验; 耐药基因

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence and drug resistance of Escherichia coli in milk from diseased cows and environment of dairy farms in some regions of Xinjiang,and to provide basis for clinical drug use of Escherichia coli in this region. 【Method】 171 samples (55 milk samples from diseased cows and 116 environmental samples) from four intensive farms in some regions of Xinjiang were isolated and purified by plate scribing method,and the Escherichia coli isolates were identified by morphological observation,Gram staining microscopy, biochemical identification and molecular biology methods. The resistance phenotypes and resistance genes of 16 kinds of antibacterial drugs of Escherichia coli isolates were analyzed by broth dilution method and PCR method. 【Result】 A total of 45 strains of Escherichia coli were isolated from 171 samples,including 8 strains from milk samples from diseased cows with a separation rate of 14.55% (8/55),and 37 strains from environmental samples with a separation rate of 31.90% (37/116).All isolates were pink round colonies.Gram staining microscopy showed red,short rod Gram-negative bacteria.Biochemical identification results showed that lactose,mannitol,indigo matrix and MR were positive,while oxidase,H₂S,VP and simonium citrate were negative,which was consistent with the biochemical characteristics of Escherichia coli.The results of drug susceptibility test showed that the Escherichia coli isolates showed different degrees of resistance to cephalothin,ampicillin,streptomycin and tetracycline,with resistance rates of 82.22%,48.89%,33.33% and 33.33%,respectively,while they showed high sensitivity to meropenem,kanamycin,gentamicin,ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole,with sensitivity rates of more than 85.00%,including 16 Escherichia coli strains with multiple drug resistance.The multidrug resistance rate was 35.56%.The results of drug resistance gene detection showed that,β-lactams resistance gene bla_TEM,aminoglycosides resistance genes addA1 and strA were 13.33%,6.66% and 11.11%,respectively.The positive rates of tetracycline resistance genes tetA and tetC were 13.33% and 33.33%,respectively. 【Conclusion】 Escherichia coli isolated from dairy cattle breeding sites in some regions of Xinjiang was highly resistant to β-lactam antibiotics and exhibited severe multidrug resistance.

Key words: dairy cow mastitis; Escherichia coli; susceptibility test; resistance genes

中图分类号:

S852.61

马洪鹏, 邵伟, 娄肖肖, 高姣姣, 马宪兰, 陈贺, 郑楠, 赵艳坤. 新疆部分地区奶牛源大肠杆菌的流行性与耐药性分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(1): 470-480.

MA Hongpeng, SHAO Wei, LOU Xiaoxiao, GAO Jiaojiao, MA Xianlan, CHEN He, ZHENG Nan, ZHAO Yankun. Prevalence and Drug Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Dairy Cows in Some Areas of Xinjiang[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(1): 470-480.

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