新疆某规模化奶牛场乳源金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定、耐药分析及毒力基因检测

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.03.038

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究新疆某规模化奶牛场乳源金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性及毒力基因携带情况,为该养殖金黄色葡萄球菌病防治提供一定的参考。【方法】本研究从该规模化奶牛场采集乳样，通过平板划线法进行细菌分离，使用金黄色葡萄球菌特异性引物对分离株进行鉴定，采用K-B法分析分离株耐药表型，通过PCR方法检测其耐药基因和毒力基因。【结果】262份乳样中金黄色葡萄球菌平均分离率为15.27%(40/262)，其中，临床乳房炎乳样中的分离率达28.57%(10/35)，隐性乳房炎乳样和健康乳样样本分离率分别为11.41%(17/149)和16.67%(13/78)。5.00%(2/40)的分离株未检出管家基因(arcC、aroE、glpF、gmK、pta、tpi和yqil基因)。毒力基因clfA、clfB和coa的检出率较高，共有16种不同毒力基因组合。分离株对林可霉素等药物的耐药率较高；77.50%的分离株为多重耐药菌株，其中1株可耐万古霉素等14种药物。分离株中林可酰胺类耐药基因linA(52.50%)、喹诺酮类耐药基因qnrA(50.00%)、氨基糖苷类耐药基因aacA-aphD(45.00%)、红霉素及克林霉素类耐药基因ermC(40.00%)的检出率较高。氯霉素类等5类抗菌药的耐药表型与耐药基因型的符合率较高；β-内酰胺类等3类抗菌药的耐药表型与耐药基因型的符合率较低。【结论】该规模化奶牛场乳源金黄色葡萄球菌普遍耐药，多重耐药现象较为严重，本研究结果为该规模化奶牛场金黄色葡萄球菌的防治提供参考。

关键词: 奶牛; 金黄色葡萄球菌; 耐药性; 毒力基因

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this experiment was to explore the drug resistance and virulence gene carrying of Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus)in a large-scale dairy farm in Xinjiang,so as to provide a certain reference for the prevention and control of S.aureus in this farm.【Method】 In this study,milk samples were collected from the large-scale dairy farm,the bacteria were isolated and purified by plate scribing method,the strains were identified by S.aureus-specific primers,the antibiotic resistance phenotype of the isolate was analyzed by Kirby-Bauer method,and the antibiotic resistance and virulence genes were detected by PCR method.【Result】 The average isolation rate of S.aureus in 262 milk samples was 15.27% (40/262),of which 28.57% (10/35) in clinical mastitis milk samples,and 11.41% (17/149) and 16.67% (13/78) in recessive mastitis milk samples and healthy milk samples,respectively.5.00% (2/40) of the isolates were not detected with housekeeping genes (arcC,aroE,glpF,gmK,pta,tpi and yqil genes).The detection rate of virulence genes clfA,clfB and coa was high.There were 16 different virulence gene combinations.77.50% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant strains,and one strain was resistant to 14 drugs including vancomycin.The detection rates of lincoamide resistance gene linA (52.50%),quinolone resistance gene qnrA (50.00%),aminoglycoside resistance gene aacA-aphD (45.00%),erythromycin and clindamycin resistance gene ermC (40.00%) were higher in isolates.The antibiotic resistance phenotypes of five kinds of antibiotics such as chloramphenicol had a high degree of overlap with antibiotic resistance genes,while the antibiotic resistance phenotypes of three kinds of drugs,including β-lactams,had a low degree of overlap with the corresponding resistance genes.【Conclusion】The results indicated that the milk-derived S.aureus from the farm was generally antibiotic resistant,and the phenomenon of multiple antibiotic resistance was more serious.The results of this study provided a reference for the prevention and control of S.aureus in the farm.

Key words: dairy cow; Staphylococcus aureus; drug resistance; virulence gene

中图分类号:

S852.61

李扬, 徐晶晶, 张小玉, 李娜娜, 余星雨, 冷青文, 李彦芳, 屈勇刚. 新疆某规模化奶牛场乳源金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定、耐药分析及毒力基因检测[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(3): 1370-1382.

LI Yang, XU Jingjing, ZHANG Xiaoyu, LI Nana, YU Xingyu, LENG Qingwen, LI Yanfang, QU Yonggang. Isolation,Identification,Drug Resistance Analysis,and Virulence Gene Detection of Staphylococcus aureus from a Large-scale Dairy Farm in Xinjiang[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(3): 1370-1382.

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