3种铝硅酸盐类吸附剂及甘露低聚糖对5种霉菌毒素的吸附效果评价

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.01.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】饲料在贮存过程中因水分含量、环境温度、湿度等因素的影响,极易发生霉变并产生霉菌毒素,如何减少霉菌毒素对饲料的污染是目前亟待解决的问题。试验旨在研究凹凸棒石粉、沸石和蒙脱土3种铝硅酸盐类吸附剂及甘露低聚糖对黄曲霉毒素B₁(aflatoxin B₁,AFB₁)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)、玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEN)、赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxins A,OTA)和T-2毒素5种毒素的体外吸附效果。【方法】通过酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定凹凸棒石粉、沸石、蒙脱土和甘露低聚糖在添加量为0.25%、0.5%、1%和2%时对5种毒素的吸附率,以及在不同pH条件下各吸附剂对5种毒素的吸附率及解吸率。【结果】 ①添加量、吸附剂及二者之间的互作对5种毒素吸附率均有极显著影响(P＜0.01)。其中,与其他3种添加量相比,添加量为2%时对5种毒素的吸附率极显著升高(P＜0.01);蒙脱土对5种毒素的吸附率极显著高于凹凸棒石粉、沸石和甘露低聚糖(P＜0.01)。②在添加量相同的条件下,甘露低聚糖、凹凸棒石粉和蒙脱土在pH 10.0时对AFB₁的吸附率极显著高于pH 4.0(P＜0.01);4种吸附剂在pH 10.0时对DON的吸附率极显著高于pH 4.0(P＜0.01);沸石在pH 10.0时对OTA的吸附率极显著高于pH 4.0(P＜0.01),凹凸棒石粉在pH 4.0时对OTA的吸附率极显著高于pH 10.0(P＜0.01)。在添加量为1%时,4种吸附剂在pH 10.0时对ZEN和T-2毒素的吸附率极显著高于pH 4.0(P＜0.01);在添加量为0.5%时,甘露低聚糖和沸石在pH 10.0时对ZEN的吸附率极显著高于pH 4.0(P＜0.01),凹凸棒石粉、沸石和蒙脱土在pH 4.0时对T-2毒素的吸附率极显著高于pH 10.0(P＜0.01)。③在pH 4.0的离心沉淀中加入pH 7.0的PBS后,蒙脱土对5种毒素的解吸率均极显著低于凹凸棒石粉和沸石(P＜0.01);再次在pH 7.0的离心沉淀中加入甲醇后,蒙脱土和沸石对5种毒素的解吸率均极显著低于凹凸棒石粉(P＜0.01)。【结论】添加量为2%时,4种吸附剂对AFB₁、DON、ZEN、OTA和T-2毒素的吸附率从高到低为蒙脱土＞沸石＞凹凸棒石粉＞甘露低聚糖;4种吸附剂在pH 10.0且添加量为1%时对AFB₁、DON和ZEN的吸附率较高;将pH 4.0的吸附环境改为pH 7.0或甲醇后,3种吸附剂对DON、ZEN、OTA和T-2毒素的解吸率从低到高为蒙脱土＞沸石＞凹凸棒石粉。

关键词: 吸附剂; 甘露低聚糖; 霉菌毒素; 酶联免疫吸附法

Abstract: 【Objective】 Feed in the storage process due to moisture content,environmental temperature,humidity and other factors,feed is prone to mildew and produce mycotoxins,how to reduce the mycotoxins contamination of feed is an urgent problem to be solved currently.The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of three aluminosilicate adsorbents,namely attapulgite,permutite and montmorillonite,and mannooligosaccharides on five toxins,namely,aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁),deoxynivalenol (DON),zearalenone (ZEN),ochratoxins A (OTA) and T-2 toxin in vitro. 【Method】 The adsorption rates of attapulgite,permutite,montmorillonite and mannooligosaccharides at the addition of 0.25%,0.5%,1% and 2%,respectively,as well as the adsorption and desorption rate of each adsorbent at different pH were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 【Result】 ① The addition amount,adsorbent and interaction between the two had extremely significant effect on the adsorption rates of five toxins (P<0.01).Among them,compared with the other three additions,the adsorption rate of five toxins was extremely significantly higher at 2% addition (P＜0.01),the adsorption rate of montmorillonite on five toxins was extremely significantly higher than that of attapulgite,permutite and mannooligosaccharides (P＜0.01).② Under the condition of the same additive amount,the adsorption rates of AFB₁ by mannooligosaccharide,attapulgite and montmorillonite at pH 10.0 were extremely significantly higher than those at pH 4.0 (P＜0.01),the adsorption rate of four adsorbents on DON were extremely significantly higher at pH 10.0 than those at pH 4.0 (P＜0.01).Permutite adsorption of OTA at pH 10.0 was extremely significant higher than that at pH 4.0 (P＜0.01),and the OTA adsorption rate of attapulgite at pH 4.0 was extremely significantly higher than that of pH 10.0 (P＜0.01).At 1% addition,four adsorbents adsorbed ZEN and T-2 toxins at pH 10.0 were extremely significantly higher than those at pH 4.0 (P＜0.01).At the addition of 0.5%,mannooligosaccharides and permutite adsorbed ZEN at pH 10.0 were extremely significantly higher than those at pH 4.0 (P＜0.01), and attapulgite,permutite and montmorillonite adsorbed T-2 toxin at pH 4.0 were extremely significantly higher than those at pH 10.0 (P＜0.01).③ After adding PBS with pH 7.0 to the centrifugal precipitation at pH 4.0,the desorption rate of montmorillonite was extremely significantly lower than that of attapulgite and permutite (P＜0.01).After adding methanol to the centrifugal precipitation at pH 7.0 again,the desorption rates of montmorillonite and permutite were extremely significantly lower than those of attapulgite (P＜0.01). 【Conclusion】 The adsorption rates of four adsorbents on AFB₁,DON,ZEN,OTA and T-2 toxins at 2% addition were montmorillonite ＞ permutite ＞ attapulgite ＞ mannooligosaccharides in descending order.Four adsorbents adsorbed higher on AFB₁,DON and ZEN at pH 10.0 and 1% addition,and after the adsorption environment at pH 4.0 was changed to pH 7.0 or methanol,the adsorption rate of three adsorbents on DON,ZEN,OTA and T-2 toxins were montmorillonite ＞ permutite ＞ attapulgite in desorption rate from low to high.

Key words: adsorbent; mannooligosaccharides; mycotoxin; ELISA

中图分类号:

S816.79

余英英, 王彩蝶, 臧长江, 李梦飞, 徐子皓, 孙龙, 侯敏, 李晓斌, 李凤鸣. 3种铝硅酸盐类吸附剂及甘露低聚糖对5种霉菌毒素的吸附效果评价[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(1): 195-204.

YU Yingying, WANG Caidie, ZANG Changjiang, LI Mengfei, XU Zihao, SUN Long, HOU Min, LI Xiaobin, LI Fengming. Evaluation of Adsorption Effect of Three Aluminosilicate Adsorbents and Mannooligosaccharides on Five Mycotoxins[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(1): 195-204.

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