中国青贮玉米中霉菌毒素的污染情况分析与动物健康风险评估

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.12.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探明中国青贮玉米霉菌毒素的污染状况,评价霉菌毒素对动物健康的风险隐患,分别在东北地区(黑龙江)、西北地区(内蒙古、山西)、黄淮海地区(河南、河北)、华中地区(江苏)、西南地区(贵州、四川)和西藏地区9省(自治区)28县主要生产基地采集全株玉米(90份)和青贮玉米样品(161份),共计251份,基于固相分散萃取-液相色谱串联质谱法,测定样品中黄曲霉毒素(AFs)、呕吐毒素(DON)、伏马毒素(FB)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)等12种霉菌毒素含量,并利用暴露评估进行动物健康风险评估。结果表明:①参照中国饲料卫生标准,测定样品ZEN超标率为1.19%。当青贮玉米作为泌乳期奶牛饲粮的主要粗饲料时,参照美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)和欧洲食品安全局(EC)饲料安全标准,FB(FDA)和AFs(EC)的超标率分别为23.90%和13.94%。②全株玉米在青贮前和青贮后,霉菌毒素含量变化差异不显著(P>0.05)。③在黄淮海、华中和西南地区,青贮玉米霉菌毒素检出种类和含量相对较高,而在西藏地区含量相对较低。④当动物食用被霉菌毒素污染的青贮玉米时,动物的健康风险排序为:羔羊>犊牛>奶牛;在羔羊中,霉菌毒素的风险排序为:AFs>ZEN>DON>FB。综上所述,中国青贮玉米中霉菌毒素的超标率较低,污染情况相对严重的地区是黄淮海、华中和西南地区。在这些地区,如果青贮玉米作为泌乳期奶牛饲粮中主要粗饲料时,AFs和FB的超标风险较高;如果青贮玉米作为羔羊和犊牛饲粮中主要粗饲料时,AFs污染可能引起动物健康风险。

关键词: 霉菌毒素; 青贮玉米; 风险评估

Abstract: In order to find out the pollution status of mycotoxins and its impact on animals in silage corn of China, 251 samples (90 copies of whole plant corn and 161 copies of silage corn) were collected from differernt large-scale pastures located in 28 counties of 9 provinces (autonomous regions), including Northeast (Heilongjiang), Northwest (Inner Mongolia, Shanxi), Huang-Huai-Hai (Henan, Hebei), Central (Jiangsu), Southwest (Guizhou, Sichuan) and Tibet.The contents of 12 types of mycotoxins, such as aflatoxin (AFs), vomiting toxin (DON), fumonisin B (FB) and zearalenone (ZEN) were measured and the animal health risk was assessed by exposure assessment.The results showed that:①With referencing to feed hygiene standard of China, the over-standard rate of ZEN was 1.19%.When silage corn was used as the main roughage for lactating dairy cows, the over-standard rate of FB and AFs were 23.90% and 13.94%, respectively, referencing to the feed safety standards of FDA and EC accordingly.②There was no significant difference in the content of mycotoxins between whole plant corn and whole plant corn silage (P>0.05).③The detected type and contents of mycotoxins in Huang-Huai-Hai area, Central area and Southwest area were higher, and the content was lower in Tibet.④Among different animals, the order of animal health risk was lamb>calf>dairy cow, and the order of mycotoxin risk in lamb was AFs>ZEN>DON>FB when fed with the polluted corn silage.In summary, the over-standard rates of mycotoxins in whole plant corn and whole plant corn silage in China were low.The relatively polluted areas were Huang-Huai-Hai, Central and Southwest China.In these areas, when silage corn was used as the main roughage for lactating dairy cows, the over-standard risk was higher;When corn silage was used as the main roughage for young animals, AFs contamination might bring animal health risks.

Key words: mycotoxins; silage corn; risk assessment

中图分类号:

S816.6

张欣昕, 张福金, 张尧, 郭志刚, 孙林, 刘广华, 莎娜. 中国青贮玉米中霉菌毒素的污染情况分析与动物健康风险评估[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(12): 4451-4459.

ZHANG Xinxin, ZHANG Fujin, ZHANG Yao, GUO Zhigang, SUN Lin, LIU Guanghua, SHA Na. Analysis of Mycotoxin Contamination and Animal Health Risk Assessment in Silage Corn of China[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(12): 4451-4459.

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