棉秸秆农药残留和重金属及真菌毒素检测分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.05.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】分析新疆6个棉花主产区棉秸秆的农药残留、重金属污染物和黄曲霉毒素B₁(aflatoxin B₁,AFB₁)等指标的含量,以期填补棉秸秆饲料化利用药物残留等基础数据缺失的问题。【方法】在新疆6个棉花种植区中各随机选一块棉田,设置前、中、后3个区域,每个区域设置5个1 m²的样方,留茬15 cm,采集样方内所有棉秸秆,用剪枝钳剪碎混匀后按四分法采集1 kg样品,用于检测58种农药残留、AFB₁、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、氟和5种重金属污染物含量。【结果】新疆6个棉花主产区样品中检出的农药残留分别仅为3、5、3、3、2和1种,大部分登记喷施的农药在棉秸秆样品中并未检出残留。检出的棉秸秆样品中氰戊菊酯、三唑磷、虫螨腈、毒死蜱、甲氰菊酯、吡唑醚菌酯、氯氰菊酯、马拉硫磷和啶虫脒的最大残留量为0.150、0.190、0.087、0.210、0.043、0.058、0.024、0.014和0.015 mg/kg,均低于食品安全标准 GB 2763―2021中大米的限定值。棉秸秆样品中均检出了砷、铅、镉和铬这4种重金属污染物,最高含量分别为0.428、2.400、0.180和1.090 mg/kg,均低于饲料卫生标准 GB 13078―2017中的限定值,符合饲料标准。棉秸秆样品中均未检出AFB₁和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇,检出氟的最高含量为20.67 mg/kg,低于饲料标准中的限定值。【结论】棉秸秆符合饲料卫生标准 GB 13078―2017中农药残留、AFB₁、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、氟和重金属污染物的限量标准,可以安全用作草食家畜的粗饲料。

关键词: 棉秸秆; 饲料; 农药残留; 重金属污染; 黄曲霉毒素B₁(AFB₁); 安全性

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was aimed to analyze the contents of pesticide residues,heavy metal pollutants and aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) in cotton straw from the six major cotton producing areas in Xinjiang,in order to fill in the problem of missing basic data such as pesticide residues when using cotton straw as feed.【Method】 In this experiment,one cotton field was randomly selected from each of six major cotton planting areas in Xinjiang,with three areas in the front,middle and back.Then set up five 1 m² sample plots in each area,all cotton straw in the sample plots was collected with a stubble height of 15 cm.The cotton straw samples were cut it into small pieces with pruning pliers,mixed well,and collected 1 kg of sample according to the quartering method.The contents of 58 pesticide residues,AFB₁,deoxynivalenol,fluorine and five heavy metal pollutants were detected.【Result】 Only 3,5,3,3,2 and 1 pesticide residues were detected in the samples collected from six major cotton producing areas in Xinjiang.Most registered pesticides were not detected as residues in cotton straw samples.The maximum residual content of fenvalerate,triazophos,chlorfenapyr,chlorpyrifos,fenpropathrin,pyraclostrobin,cypermethrin,malathion and acetamiprid in cotton straw samples were 0.150,0.190,0.087,0.210,0.043,0.058,0.024,0.014 and 0.015 mg/kg,respectively,which were lower than the limit value of rice in the food safety standard GB 2763―2021.Four heavy metal pollutants of Pd,Cd,Cr and As were detected in cotton straw samples,the maximum content were 0.428,2.400,0.180 and 1.090 mg/kg,respectively,which were lower than the limit values in hygienical standard for feed GB 13078―2017,and met the feed standards.AFB₁ and deoxynivalenol were not detected in cotton straw samples,and the maximum content of fluorine detected was 20.67 mg/kg,which were lower than the limit value in the feed standard.【Conclusion】 Cotton straw fitted the limits of pesticide residues,AFB₁,deoxynivalenol,fluoride and heavy metal pollutants in hygienical standard for feed GB 13078―2017,and could be safely used as roughage for herbivorous livestock.

Key words: cotton straw; feed; pesticide residues; heavy metal pollution; aflatoxin B₁(AFB₁); security

中图分类号:

S816.5

郭同军, 薛宇昂, 高丽, 韩旭彪, 史应武, 桑断疾. 棉秸秆农药残留和重金属及真菌毒素检测分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(5): 1880-1892.

GUO Tongjun, XUE Yuang, GAO Li, HAN Xubiao, SHI Yingwu, SANG Duanji. Analytical Testing for Pesticide Residues,Heavy Metals and Fungal Toxins in Cotton Straw[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(5): 1880-1892.

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