大白猪生长性状影响因素分析及遗传参数估计

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.01.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】分析初生重、乳头数、测定场区、胎次、出生年份和出生季节等因素对大白猪生长性状的影响，并对主要生长性状的遗传参数进行估计，为大白猪群体的遗传改良提供参考。【方法】收集1 024头法系大白母猪的生长测定数据，包括100 kg平均日增重（average daily gain to 100 kg，ADG）、达100 kg体重日龄（age at 100 kg live weight，AGE）、达100 kg体重校正背膘厚（backfat adjusted to 100 kg，BF）和达100 kg体重校正眼肌面积（loin muscle area adjusted to 100 kg，LMA），利用一般线性模型分析固定效应对大白猪生长性状的影响；利用DMU软件的单性状动物模型估计生长性状的方差组分和遗传力；利用多性状动物模型估计各生长性状间的遗传相关和表型相关。【结果】大白猪生长性状中ADG、AGE、BF和LMA的群体平均值分别为590.26 g、168.20 d、9.46 mm和33.29 cm²，其中AGE （P=0.057）和LMA （P=0.106）符合正态性检验，ADG和BF近似正态分布；测定场区、出生年份和出生季节对大白猪各生长性状影响显著（P<0.05；P<0.01），胎次和初生重对AGE和ADG影响显著（P<0.05；P<0.01）。大白猪生长性状估计遗传力介于0.277~0.422之间，属于中高遗传力性状；遗传相关系数在―0.996~0.346之间。【结论】测定场区、出生年份、出生季节、胎次和初生重对大白猪多个生长性状具有显著影响，生长性状的遗传力和性状间的遗传相关可为大白猪群体后续的育种工作提供一定指导。

关键词: 大白猪; 生长性状; 固定因素; 遗传参数

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to analyze the fixed effects such as birth weight, teat number, herd, parity, the year of birth and birth season on the growth traits of Yorkshire pigs, and evaluate the genetic parameters, so as to provide references for the subsequent genetic improvement of this population.【Method】 Growth assay data were collected from 1 024 French Yorkshire sows, the main growth traits included average daily gain to 100 kg (ADG), age at 100 kg live weight (AGE), backfat adjusted to 100 kg (BF), and loin muscle area adjusted to 100 kg (LMA).General linear model was used to analyze fixed effects on the growth traits in Yorkshire pigs.Variance components and heritability of the growth traits were estimated by single-trait animal model in DMU software, and used multi-trait animal model to estimate the genetic correlation and phenotypic correlation.【Result】 The population mean of ADG, AGE, BF and LMA in Yorkshire pigs were 590.26 g, 168.20 d, 9.46 mm and 33.29 cm².AGE (P=0.057) and LMA (P=0.106) complied with the normality test, ADG and BF displayed approximately normal distributions.The herd, year of birth and birth season had significant effect on each growth trait in Yorkshire pigs (P<0.05 or P<0.01), the parity and birth weight had significant effect on AGE and ADG in Yorkshire pigs (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The heritability of growth traits in Yorkshire pigs ranged from 0.277 to 0.422, which were moderate to high heritability trait.The genetic correlation coefficient of each growth trait in Yorkshire pigs ranged from-0.996 to 0.346.【Conclusion】 Herd, year of birth, birth season, parity and birth weight had a significant impact on multiple growth traits in Yorkshire pigs, and the heritability of growth traits and the genetic correlation between traits could provide some guidance for the subsequent breeding of Yorkshire pig population.

Key words: Yorkshire pigs; growth trait; fixed effect; genetic parameter

中图分类号:

S813.3

许迪, 颜港, 张帅, 张坤, 江山, 邢天琦, 王钰滨, 王梦影, 兰干球, 梁晶. 大白猪生长性状影响因素分析及遗传参数估计[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(1): 193-202.

XU Di, YAN Gang, ZHANG Shuai, ZHANG Kun, JIANG Shan, XING Tianqi, WANG Yubin, WANG Mengying, LAN Ganqiu, LIANG Jing. Influencing Factors Analysis and Genetic Parameters Estimation of Growth Traits in Yorkshire Pigs[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(1): 193-202.

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