免疫球蛋白调控动物胃肠道健康及微生物功能的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.10.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 动物胃肠道被视为抵御外界病原体的一道重要屏障,胃肠道健康与动物机体健康密不可分。动物胃肠道中栖息着大量多样性的微生物种群,微生物之间的相互作用复杂且多样,微生物的功能和种类组成影响着胃肠道的稳态平衡。微生物群通过定植在胃肠道黏膜,在黏膜免疫系统发育中起着至关重要的作用,同时也对胃肠道健康与功能起着重要作用。调控胃肠道健康的方式有很多种,目前主要通过添加益生元、益生素等非营养物质和营养调控剂来调控胃肠道功能和维护胃肠道健康。但相较于其他营养调控剂来说,免疫球蛋白调控胃肠道的研究报道较少,属于新的免疫调控技术,其具有特异专一性、易生产且成本低、效果显著等优点。免疫调节是一种高效且相对安全的调节方式。作者介绍了4种免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgA、IgY、纳米抗体)的主要理化性质,总结了现阶段免疫球蛋白对胃肠道功能调节的进展及展望,从而为应用免疫球蛋白调控动物胃肠道健康和促进营养代谢提供指导。

关键词: 免疫球蛋白; 动物; 胃肠道; 功能代谢; 健康

Abstract: The gastrointestinal tract of animals is regarded as an important barrier against external pathogens,and the health of gastrointestinal tract is inseparable from the health of animal organism.The gastrointestinal tract of animals is inhabited by a large and diverse microbial population,the interactions between microorganisms are complex and diverse,and the function and species composition of microorganisms affect the homeostatic balance of gastrointestinal tract.By colonizing the gastrointestinal mucosa,the microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of mucosal immune system,it also plays an important role in the health and function of gastrointestinal tract.There are many ways to regulate the health of gastrointestinal tract,and at present,the main way to regulate the function of gastrointestinal tract and maintain the health of gastrointestinal tract is by adding non-nutrients and nutritional regulators such as prebiotics and probiotics.However,immunoglobulin regulation of gastrointestinal tract has received less attention compared to other nutritional regulators,is a new immunomodulation technology,which has the advantages of specificity and selectivity,easy and low-cost production,and significant effects.Immunomodulation is an efficient and relatively safe modality of regulation.The author introduces the main physicochemical properties of four immunoglobulins (IgG,IgA,IgY and nanobodies),synthesizes the current research on the regulation of gastrointestinal tract functions by immunoglobulins and provides a prospect for future development,so as to provide guidance for the application of immunoglobulins to regulate gastrointestinal tract health and promote nutrient metabolism in animals.

Key words: immunoglobulin; animals; gastrointestinal tract; functional metabolism; health

中图分类号:

Q939.91

卜莹, 郑楠, 王加启, 赵圣国. 免疫球蛋白调控动物胃肠道健康及微生物功能的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(10): 3800-3808.

BU Ying, ZHENG Nan, WANG Jiaqi, ZHAO Shengguo. Research Progress on Immunoglobulin Regulating Gastrointestinal Health and Microbial Function in Animals[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(10): 3800-3808.

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