饲喂发酵饲料对肉鸡生长性能、养分利用率、肠道健康和肉品质的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.10.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】本试验旨在研究肉鸡生长前期(1~21日龄)饲喂发酵饲料对其生长性能、养分利用率、肠道健康和肉品质的影响。【方法】选用1日龄爱拔益加肉鸡公鸡240只,随机分入4个处理组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。4组肉鸡生长前期(1~21日龄)分别饲喂添加0、5%、10%、15%发酵饲料的试验饲粮,生长后期(22~42日龄)均饲喂不含发酵料的基础饲粮,试验期为42 d。试验第21和42天时,测定肉鸡的1~21日龄、22~42日龄和1~42日龄生长性能、19~21日龄和40~42日龄养分利用率、42日龄肠道菌的数量和42日龄肉品质等指标。【结果】与对照组相比,饲喂10%发酵饲料显著降低肉鸡1~21日龄料重比(P＜0.05);饲喂15%发酵饲料显著提高肉鸡1~42日龄平均日增重和平均日采食量(P＜0.05),显著提高19~21日龄肉鸡干物质利用率和能量代谢率(P＜0.05)。前期饲喂发酵饲料对42日龄肉鸡的盲肠菌群数量影响不显著(P＞0.05)。与对照组相比,饲喂发酵饲料显著降低42日龄肉鸡肌肉中胆固醇含量(P＜0.05)。【结论】生长前期饲喂10%的发酵饲料显著降低了肉鸡1~21日龄料重比;饲喂15%发酵饲料显著提高了肉鸡1~42日龄平均日增重、平均日采食量及19~21日龄肉鸡干物质和能量利用率。生长前期饲喂发酵饲料显著降低了42日龄肉鸡肌肉胆固醇含量,但是对42日龄肉鸡盲肠菌群数量无显著影响。

关键词: 发酵饲料; 肉鸡; 生长性能; 养分利用率; 肉品质; 肠道健康

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of feeding fermented feed in early growth stage (1-21 days old) on growth performance,nutrient utilization,intestinal health and meat quality of broilers.【Method】 A total of 240 1-day-old AA broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 10 chicks in each group.In the early growth stage (1-21 days old),the four treatment groups were fed with experimental feed supplemented with 0,5%,10% and 15% fermented feed respectively,while in the later growth stage (22-42 days old),all the chicks in four treatment groups were fed basic feed without fermented feed.On the 21st and 42nd day of the experiment,the growth performance in 1-21 days old,22-42 days old and 1-42 days old,nutrient utilization efficiency in 19-21 days old and 40-42 days old,the number of intestinal bacteria and meat quality on 42nd day of broilers were measured.【Result】 Compared with the control group,feeding 10% fermented feed significantly decreased the feed to gain ratio of 1-21 days old broilers (P＜0.05);Feeding 15% fermented feed significantly increased the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of broilers aged 1-42 days,the dry matter utilization rate and energy utilization rate of 19-21 days old broilers (P＜0.05).Feeding fermented feed at early stage had no significant effect on the number of cecal bacteria of broilers at 42 days old (P＞0.05).Feeding fermented feed significantly decreased the content of cholesterol in meat of broilers on the 42nd day compared to control group (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 Feeding 10% fermented feed at early growth stage significantly reduced feed to gain ratio of 1-21 days old broilers,and feeding 15% fermented feed significantly increased the average daily gain,average daily feed intake,and dry matter and energy utilization rate of 19-21 days old broilers.Feeding fermented feed reduced cholesterol content on the 42nd day of chicken,but had no significant effect on the number of cecal bacteria of 42-day-old broilers

Key words: fermented feed; broilers; growth performance; nutrient utilization rate; meat quality; gut health

中图分类号:

S816.6

孙颢轩, 刘国华, 蔡辉益, 陈志敏. 饲喂发酵饲料对肉鸡生长性能、养分利用率、肠道健康和肉品质的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(10): 3782-3790.

SUN Haoxuan, LIU Guohua, CAI Huiyi, CHEN Zhimin. Effects of Fermented Feed on Growth Performance,Nutrient Utilization Rate,Gut Health and Meat Quality of Broilers[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(10): 3782-3790.

参考文献

[1] 贺腾飞,龙沈飞,朴香淑.生物饲料在肉鸡和猪生产中的应用[J].动物营养学报,2019,31(7):2988-2998. HE T F,LONG S F,PIAO X S.Application of biological feeds in broiler and pig production[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(7):2988-2998.(in Chinese)
[2] 周映华,胡新旭,卞巧.无抗发酵饲料对生长育肥猪生长性能、肠道菌群和养分表观消化率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(3):870-877. ZHOU Y H,HU X X,BIAN Q.Effects of fermented feed without antibiotic on growth performance,intestinal flora and nutrient apparent digestibility of growing-finishing pigs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2015,27(3):870-877.(in Chinese)
[3] 徐子萱,李冬芳,于春微,等.微生物发酵饲料对奶牛瘤胃发酵功能及饲粮营养物质体外消化率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2021,33(3):1513-1522. XU Z X,LI D F,YU C W,et al.Effects of microbial fermented feed on rumen fermentation function of dairy cows and nutrient in vitro digestibilities of diets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2021,33(3):1513-1522.(in Chinese)
[4] OLUKOMAIYA O,FERNANDO C,MEREDDY R,et al.Solid-state fermented plant protein sources in the diets of broiler chickens:A review [J].Animal Nutrition,2019,5(4):5-16.
[5] EMRAH G,ERENER G.Effect of dietary raw and fermented sour cherry kernel (Prunus cerasus L.) on digestibility,intestinal morphology and caecal microflora in broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2020,99(1):471-478.
[6] AO X,ZHOU T X,KIM H J,et al.Influence of fermented red ginseng extract on broilers and laying hens[J].Asian-Australas Journal of Animal Science,2011,24(7):993-1000.
[7] LI Y,GUO B Z,WU Z K,et al.Effects of fermented soybean meal supplementation on the growth performance and cecal microbiota community of broiler chickens[J].Animals,2020,10(6):1098.
[8] NIU Y,WAN X L,ZHANG X H,et al.Effect of supplemental fermented Ginkgo biloba leaves at different levels on growth performance,meat quality,and antioxidant status of breast and thigh muscles in broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2017,96(4):869-887.
[9] 孙建华,高志鑫,庄志伟.两种复合酸化剂对肉鸡生产性能、酶活性及肠道菌群的影响[J]家禽科学,2021,1:9-15. SUN J H,GAO Z X,ZHUANG Z W.Effects of two compound acidifiers on growth performance,digestive enzyme activities and intestinal flora of broilers[J].Poultry Science,2021,1:9-15.(in Chinese)
[10] 魏莲清,牛俊丽,赵官正,等.添加不同水平的发酵棉粕对科宝肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2019,46(7):1953-1961. WEI L Q,NIU J L,ZHAO G Z,et al.Effects of different levels of fermented cottonseed meal on growth performance,slaughter performance and serum biochemical indexes of cobb broilers[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2019,46(7):1953-1961.(in Chinese)
[11] CHENG Y H,HORNG Y B,CHEN W J,et al.Effect of fermented products produced by Bacillus licheniformis on the growth performance and cecal microbial community of broilers under coccidial challenge[J].Animals,2021,11(5):1245.
[12] 陈志敏,郑爱娟,常文环,等.植物乳杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌混菌发酵饲料对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和肠道结构的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2020,47(12):3909-3916. CHEN Z M,ZHENG A J,CHANG W H,et al.Effects of Lactobacillus and Bacillus subtilis mixed fermentation feed on growth performance,slaughter performance and intestinal morphology of broilers[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2020,47(12):3909-3916.(in Chinese)
[13] 舒刚,梁娜,曾敏,等.发酵饲料对肉鸡生长性能和肠道菌群、pH值的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(13):51-54. SHU G,LIANG N,ZENG M,et al.Effects of fermented feed on growth performance,intestinal flora and pH value of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Husbandry,2013,49(13):51-54.(in Chinese)
[14] 倪玉姣,梁永,田冬冬,等.发酵非常规蛋白饲料对肉仔鸡生长性能和养分消化率的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2012,4:56-59. NI Y J,LIANG Y,TIAN D D,et al.Influence of fermented unconventional protein feed to broiler’s growth performance and nutrients digestibility[J].Cereal and Feed Industry,2012,4,56-59.(in Chinese)
[15] 张伟伟,邵淑丽,徐兴军,等.饲粮中添加马铃薯渣发酵蛋白饲料对肉鸡生长性能和肉品质的影响[J].高师理科学刊,2011,31(6):4. ZHANG W W,SHAO S L,XU X J,et al.Effects of potato residue fermented on growth performance and chicken quality of broilers [J].The Science Journal of Normal University,2011,31(6):4.(in Chinese)
[16] ZHANG Z F,CHO J H.Effects of Bacillus subtilis UBT-MO2 on growth performance,immune organ relative weight,fecal gas concentration and intestinal microbial shedding in broiler chickens[J].Livest Science,2013,155(3),343-347.
[17] SANTOSO U,TANAKA K,OHTANI S.Effect of fermented product from Bacillus subtilis on feed conversion efficiency,lipid accumulation and ammonia production in broiler chicks[J].Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2001,14(3):333-337.
[18] LI G,WANG B K,MEI X Q,et al.Effects of three probiotic Bacillus on growth performance,digestive enzyme activities,antioxidative capacity,serum immunity,and biochemical parameters in broilers[J].Animal Science Journal,2018,89(11):1561-1571.
[19] FENG J,LIU X,XU Z R,et al.Effects of fermented soybean meal on digestive enzyme activities and intestinal morphology in broilers[J].Poultry Science,2007,86(6):1149-1154.
[20] YANG A,ZUO L L,CHENG Y.Degradation of major allergens and allergenicity reduction of soybean meal through solid-state fermentation with microorganisms[J].Food & Function,2018,9(3):1039 -1050.
[21] SUGIHARTO S,LAURIDSEN C,JENSEN B B.Gastrointestinal ecosystem and immunological responses in E.coli challenged pigs after weaning fed liquid diets containing whey permeate fermented with different lactic acid bacteria[J].Animal Feed Science Technology,2015,207,278-282.
[22] SONG Y S,PEREZ V G,PETTIGREW J E,et al.Fermentation of soybean meal and its inclusion in diets for newly weaned pigs reduced diarrhea and measures of immunoreactivity in the plasma[J].Animal Feed Science Technology,2010,159(2):41-49.
[23] SUN H,TANG C L,FANG X H,et al.Molecular analysis of intestinal bacterial microbiota of broiler chickens fed diets containing fermented cottonseed meal[J].Poultry Science,2013,92(2):392-401.
[24] CHEN Y C,YU Y H.Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products improve growth performance and the fecal microbiota community in broilers[J].Poultry Science,2020,99(3):1432-1443.
[25] YAN J,ZHOU Y,XI H,et al.Fermented feed regulates growth performance and the cecal microbiota community in geese[J].Poultry Science,2019,98(10):4673-4684.
[26] MAKI J J,KLIMA C L,SYLTE M J,et al.The microbial pecking order:Utilization of intestinal microbiota for poultry health[J].Microorganisms,2019,7(10):376.
[27] HUNG D Y,CHENG Y H,CHEN W J,et al.Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products reduce diarrhea incidence and alter the fecal microbiota community in weaning piglets[J].Animals,2019,9(12):1145.
[28] LUTFUL S M,KABIR.The role of probiotics in the poultry industry[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2009,10(8):3531-3546.
[29] LI L,LI W F,LIU S Z.Probiotic fermented feed improved the production,health and nutrient utilization of Yellow-feathered broilers reared in high altitude in Tibet[J].British Poultry Science,2020,61(6):746-753.
[30] CHEN K L,KHO W L,YOU S H,et al.Effects of Bacillus subtilis var.natto and Saccharomyces cerevisiae mixed fermented feed on the enhanced growth performance of broilers[J].Poultry Science,2009,88(2):309-315.
[31] ZHU J J,GAO M X,SONG X J,et al.Changes in bacterial diversity and composition in the faeces and colon of weaned piglets after feeding fermented soybean meal [J].Journal of Medical Microbiology,2018,67(8):1181-1190.
[32] SUGIHARTO S,RANJITKAR S.Recent advances in fermented feeds towards improved broiler chicken performance,gastrointestinal tract microecology and immune responses:A review[J].Animal Nutrition,2019,5(1):1-10.
[33] OLNOOD C G,BESKI S S M,CHOCT M,et al.Novel probiotics:Their effects on growth performance,gut development,microbial community and activity of broiler chickens[J].Animal Nutrition,2015,1(3):184-191.
[34] TIAN Z M,DENG D,CUI Y Y,et al.Diet supplemented with fermented okara improved growth performance,meat quality,and amino acid profiles in growing pigs[J].Food Science & Nutrition,2020,8(10):5650-5659.
[35] AHMED S T,KO S Y,YANG C J.Improving the nutritional quality and shelf life of broiler meat by feeding diets supplemented with fermented pomegranate(Punica granatum L.) by-products[J].British Poultry Science,2017,58(6):694-703.
[36] 费孝桐,徐欣维,陶红艳,等.乳酸菌降胆固醇的作用机制及其应用研究进展[J].中国食物与营养,2022,28(3):111. FEI X T,XU X W,TAO H Y,et al.Research progress on mechanism on lowering cholesterol and application of lactic acid bacteria[J].China Food and Nutrition,2022,28(3):111.(in Chinese)