荷斯坦牛采食时间的群体特征及其影响因素分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.10.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究荷斯坦牛采食时间的群体规律及其影响因素,旨在为日采食时间的遗传分析奠定基础,同时为牧场利用采食时间对牛群进行精准管理提供参考。【方法】收集北京地区某规模化牧场2019年7月至2021年3月的1 166头泌乳期荷斯坦牛的原始采食时间记录(每小时记录1次)及日采食时间数据(每24 h记录1次),利用SAS 9.2线性混合模型分析胎次、测定季节、泌乳阶段、场区和测定年份对日采食时间的影响。【结果】北京地区荷斯坦牛日平均采食时间为(224.43±60.24) min,原始采食时间平均值为(9.41±4.67)min/h。根据原始采食时间统计分析发现,采食高峰均出现在投料时段,并且胎次、季节和泌乳阶段均对采食时间高峰存在一定影响。试验期间荷斯坦牛日采食时间随环境温湿度指数(temperature and humidity index,THI)的升高总体呈下降趋势,在夏季相对较低。胎次、测定季节、泌乳阶段、场区和测定年份均对日采食时间有极显著影响(P＜0.01):日采食时间在春季最高,为(201.66±1.91) min,夏季最低,为(158.85±1.92) min;对于不同胎次的牛,日采食时间随着胎次的升高逐渐降低,2胎和3胎及以上的奶牛日采食时间与1胎牛相比分别下降了4.90和27.36 min;随着泌乳阶段的推移,奶牛的日采食时间呈先增加后减少的趋势,泌乳中期最高,为(197.62±1.80) min,围产后期最低。【结论】北京地区荷斯坦牛采食时间的群体特征与牛生理状态及所处环境均有关,规模化牧场可利用相关设备自动记录的采食时间数据进行精细化管理。

关键词: 奶牛; 采食时间; 温湿度指数

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was conducted to explore the general characteristics and reveal influencing factors of the eating time in Holstein cows in Beijing area for the purpose of laying a foundation for genetic analysis of daily eating time,and providing reference for accurate management of Holstein cows.【Method】 The original (one record per hour) and daily records (one record per day) for eating time of 1 166 lactating Holstein cows from a large-scale dairy farm in Beijing area were collected from July 2019 to March 2021.The mixed linear model of SAS 9.2 software was used to analyze the impacts of parity,season,lactation stage,herd and test year on daily eating time.【Result】 The average daily eating time was (224.43±60.24) min,and the original eating time was (9.41±4.67) min/h for Holstein cows. According to the statistical analysis,the eating time was greatly influenced by feeding management and the peak of eating time always came up with the feeding time of TMR in dairy farm.Furthermore,season,parity and lactation stage had impacts on eating time. During the test period, the daily feeding time decreased generally with the increase of temperature and humidity index (THI), and it was relatively low in summer.The parity,season,lactation stage,herd and test year had significant effects (P＜0.01) on daily eating time.The daily eating time was the highest in spring (201.66 min±1.91 min) and the lowest in summer (158.85 min±1.92 min).As the increase of parity,a decrease trend for daily eating time was observed,and it dropped by 4.90 and 27.36 min in second and third parity,respectively.Daily eating time had a slightly downtrend during the whole lactating stage after late transition period and it was the highest at mid-lactation period(197.62 min±1.80 min).【Conclusion】 The population characteristics of eating time in Holstein cows were invetigated and showed that daily eating time could be influenced by environment and individual physiological effects.Based on the results from this study,dairy farms could improve the farm management using eating time records automatically obtained by the collar system.

Key words: dairy cattle; eating time; temperature and humidity index

中图分类号:

S823.9⁺1

黄越川, 竹磊, 王磊, 张海亮, 郭刚, 王炎, 黄锡霞, 王雅春. 荷斯坦牛采食时间的群体特征及其影响因素分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(10): 3809-3818.

HUANG Yuechuan, ZHU Lei, WANG Lei, ZHANG Hailiang, GUO Gang, WANG Yan, HUANG Xixia, WANG Yachun. Population Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Eating Time in Holstein Cows[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(10): 3809-3818.

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