新城疫病毒样颗粒研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.04.033

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 新城疫(Newcastle disease,ND)是由新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)引起的一种急性、高度接触性禽类烈性传染病,以呼吸道、消化道及神经系统症状为主要特征,在易感家禽中死亡率高达100%,给中国及世界养禽业和贸易往来带来了严重的经济损失。病毒样颗粒(virus-like particles,VLPs)是由病毒蛋白在感染过程中体外表达或自发组装而形成的不含病毒基因组、不能复制、不具有感染能力的病毒样蛋白颗粒。VLPs适宜的大小及独特的表面结构可被天然免疫细胞和分子有效识别,诱导良好的先天性免疫应答和适应性免疫应答,且VLPs不含病毒的感染性核酸,安全性较高,近年来成为疫苗领域中的研究热点。树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DCs)作为专职抗原递呈细胞,在连接天然免疫与适应性免疫之间具有独特功能,是目前抗原递呈能力最强的专职免疫细胞。成熟DCs (mature DCs,mDCs)迁移至次级淋巴组织能刺激初始型T细胞活化和增殖,被认为是特异性免疫应答的始动者,体外培养的不成熟DCs (immature DCs,imDCs) 也可辅助增强抗原递呈能力。NDV-VLPs主要是以NDV-M蛋白为骨架,来装配HN、F和NP蛋白,可表现出与活的NDV颗粒相似的外观和免疫原性。可见通过NDV-VLPs制成的疫苗同样具备安全、稳定、可刺激体液和细胞免疫应答、作为载体表达其他抗原及可设计成区分自然感染与免疫接种等诸多优点。文章主要就NDV-VLPs的相关内容展开探讨,以期为后续研究提供参考。

关键词: 新城疫病毒(NDV); 病毒样颗粒(VLPs); 树突状细胞; 疫苗

Abstract: Newcastle disease (ND) is an acute,highly contagious avian infectious disease caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV),with respiratory,digestive and nervous system symptoms as the main characteristics,the mortality rate in susceptible poultry is as high as 100%,which has brought serious economic losses to poultry breeding and trade in China and the world.Virus-like particles (VLPs) are virus-like protein particles that are formed by in vitro expression or spontaneous assembly of viral proteins during the infection process,which do not contain viral genome,cannot replicate,and have no infectious ability.The suitable size and unique surface structure of VLPs can be effectively recognized by natural immune cells and molecules,and induce good innate and adaptive immune responses.In addition,VLPs do not contain viral infectious nucleic acids and are highly safe.In recent years,they have become a research hotspot in the field of vaccines.Dendritic cells (DCs),as full-time antigen-presenting cells,have a unique function between innate immunity and adaptive immunity,and are currently the full-time immune cells with the strongest antigen-presenting ability.Migration of mature DCs (mDCs) to secondary lymphoid tissues can stimulate the activation and proliferation of primary T cells,and is considered to be the initiator of specific immune responses.Immature DCs (imDCs) cultured in vitro can also help enhance the ability of antigen presentation.NDV-VLPs mainly use NDV-M protein as the backbone to assemble HN,F and NP proteins,which can show similar appearance and immunogenicity to live NDV particles.It can be seen that vaccines made by NDV-VLPs also have many advantages,such as safety,stability,stimulating humoral and cellular immune responses,expressing other antigens as carriers,and being designed to distinguish natural infections from immunization.Therefore,the article mainly discusses the related content of NDV-VLPs in order to provide reference for follow-up research.

Key words: Newcastle disease virus (NDV); virus-like particles (VLPs); dendritic cells; vaccine

中图分类号:

S852.65^＋7

郗珊珊, 贾伟娟, 何云江, 孟庆磊, 陈云娇, 王学理. 新城疫病毒样颗粒研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(4): 1507-1515.

CHI Shanshan, JIA Weijuan, HE Yunjiang, MENG Qinglei, CHEN Yunjiao, WANG Xueli. Research Progress on Newcastle Disease Virus-like Particles[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(4): 1507-1515.

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