红茂草中精油成分分析及抑菌活性的研究

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.05.036

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为红茂草药物的进一步开发和利用，本试验以甘肃平凉地区野生药用植物红茂草为研究对象，采用水蒸气提取、蒸馏萃取（SDE）提取、超临界CO₂萃取等3种方法，分别提取红茂草中的精油成分；以GC-MS对其精油进行化学成分分析，并将超临界CO₂萃取的红茂草精油采用平板菌落计数法对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和绿脓杆菌进行抑菌活性测定。结果显示，三种提取方法中，水蒸气提取法和蒸馏萃取提取法所得精油为橙黄色，有浑浊，超临界CO₂萃取法所得精油为淡黄色，澄清液体。3种方法所得精油均含有24种共同成分，以超临界CO₂萃取法最优，其提取率为2.1220%，水蒸气提取法最低，提取率为1.7870%；将超临界CO₂萃取的红茂草精油作用于3种供试菌，测定其最小抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为：金黄色葡萄球菌0.2500 g/mL、大肠杆菌0.3000 g/mL，绿脓杆菌0.2600 g/mL，抑菌效果显著。研究结果表明，超临界CO₂萃取是提取红茂草精油的最佳方法，通过超临界CO₂萃取法提取的红茂草精油对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和绿脓杆菌具有良好的抑菌效果。

关键词: 超临界CO₂萃取法; 红茂草; 精油; 抑菌活性

Abstract: For the further development and utilization of the drug,wild medicinal plant Dicranostigma leptopodum (Maxim.) Fedde in Pingliang area of Gansu province was sekcted in this experiment as the research object,the essential oil components were extracted by steam extraction,distillation extraction (SDE) and supercritical CO₂ extraction.Chemical composition of essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS,and the antibacterial activity of supercritical CO₂ extracted essential oil was determined against Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using plate count method.The results showed that the essential oil obtained by steam extraction and distillation extraction was orange yellow and turbid.The essential oil obtained by supercritical CO₂ extraction was light yellow and clear liquid.The essential oil extracted by the 3 methods was all contained 24 common components.The supercritical CO₂ extraction method was the best,and the extraction rate was 2.1220%.The steam extraction method was the lowest,and the extraction rate was 1.7870%.Supercritical CO₂ extracted essential oil was applied to 3 strains of bacteria tested,and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined as Escherichia coli 0.2500 g/mL,Staphylococcus aureus 0.3000 g/mL and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 0.2600 g/mL,respectively.The bactericidal inhibitory effect was significant.The results showed that supercritical CO₂ extraction was the best method to extract the essential oil of Dicranostigma leptopodum (Maxim.) Fedde,which had good antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Key words: supercritical CO₂ extraction; Dicranostigma leptopodum (Maxim.) Fedde; essential oil; antibacterial activity

中图分类号:

S853.7

谢宗秀, 李尚玮, 周德顺, 宋向东, 贾宁, 梁剑平. 红茂草中精油成分分析及抑菌活性的研究[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(5): 1611-1617.

XIE Zongxiu, LI Shangwei, ZHOU Deshun, SONG Xiangdong, JIA Ning, LIANG Jianping. Study on Essential Oil Composition Analysis and Antibacterial Activity from Dicranostigma leptopodum (Maxim.) Fedde[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(5): 1611-1617.

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