植物精油对山麻鸭免疫功能、抗氧化能力和肠道微生物的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.07.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究植物精油（13.5%百里酚和4.5%肉桂醛）对笼养山麻鸭机体免疫、抗氧化力和肠道微生物的影响。【方法】选取200只健康的40周龄山麻鸭（产蛋性能及体重相近），随机分为4组，每组5个重复，每个重复10只山麻鸭。4个处理组分别在基础饲粮的基础上添加0（对照组）、50、150和200 mg/kg植物精油，试验期30 d。于试验第28~30天，每组随机选取10枚鸭蛋（接近平均蛋重），用于分析鸭蛋品质；于试验结束时，每个重复选取1只鸭，采集血清，检测血清免疫球蛋白（Ig）、补体蛋白及抗氧化指标，剖杀后采集山麻鸭盲肠内容物用于检测肠道菌群结构。【结果】与对照组相比，植物精油组蛋重、蛋壳重、蛋白重、蛋黄重和横径均显著提高（P＜0.05），血清丙二醛含量均显著降低（P＜0.05），但各组之间蛋成分所占比例差异不显著（P＞0.05）；150和200 mg/kg植物精油组山麻鸭血清免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白M含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化酶含量均显著提高（P＜0.05），山麻鸭盲肠拟杆菌门、Parabacteroides菌属和Prevotellaceae NK3B31 group菌属丰度提高，Ralstonia菌属丰度降低。【结论】饲粮中添加植物精油可提高鸭蛋重量，改善山麻鸭免疫机能，提高笼养山麻鸭血清抗氧化性能，并能一定程度上改善山麻鸭盲肠菌群结构。综合考虑，添加150 mg/kg植物精油效果较好。

关键词: 植物精油; 山麻鸭; 机体免疫; 抗氧化; 肠道微生物

Abstract: 【Objective】 The effects of plant essential oils (13.5% thymol and 4.5% cinnamaldehyde) on immunity function,antioxidant capacity and gut microbiota of Shan Partridge ducks were studied.【Method】 A total of 200 forty-week-old healthy ducks with similar laying performance and body weight were divided into 4 treatments with 5 replicates per group and 10 Shan Partridge ducks per replicate,and the ducks were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0,50,150,200 mg/kg plant essential oil,the experiment lasted 30 days.On the 28th to 30th day of the experiment,eggs (close to the average egg weight) were randomly selected from each group for analysis of egg quality.At the end of the experiment,one duck was selected for each replicate,blood was collected to detect serum immunoglobulin (Ig),complement protein,antioxidant capacity,and after slaughter the contents of duck cecum were collected for the detection of intestinal gut microbiota.【Result】 Compared with the control group, the egg weight, eggshell weight, albumen weight, yolk weight and transverse diameter were significantly increased (P＜0.05), and the serum malondialdehyde content significantly decreased in the group of plant essential oil (P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in the proportion of egg components among the groups (P＞0.05); The serum immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M contents and the serum glutathione peroxidase content of ducks were significantly increased (P＜0.05), the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Parabacteroides and Prevotellaceae NK3B31 group were increased,and the relative abundance of Ralstonia in cecum of shan partridge duck were decreased (P＜0.05) in the 150 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg plant essential oil groups.【Conclusion】 The dietary supplementation with plant essential oil could increase egg weight,immune function and antioxidant capacity of ducks,and improve caecal microbiota structure of Shan Partridge ducks.Overall consideration,the appropriate amount of plant essential oil to be added was 150 mg/kg.

Key words: plant essential oil; Shan Partridge ducks; immune function; antioxidant; gut microbiota

中图分类号:

S816.7

李红英, 贺琴, 黄恩福, 梁琦. 植物精油对山麻鸭免疫功能、抗氧化能力和肠道微生物的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(7): 2586-2592.

LI Hongying, HE Qin, HUANG Enfu, LIANG Qi. Effects of Plant Essential Oils on Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity and Gut Microbiota of Shan Partridge Ducks[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(7): 2586-2592.

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