胡麻油和苹果酸对延边黄牛瘤胃脂肪酸代谢及饲料降解率的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2017.03.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

试验旨在研究基础日粮中添加胡麻油和苹果酸对延边黄牛瘤胃脂肪酸代谢及日粮养分降解率的影响。选用4头平均体重为（350±15）kg、安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的延边黄牛，釆用4×4拉丁方设计，设1个对照组、3个试验组：对照组（CON组）饲喂基础日粮，LO组饲喂基础日粮+475 g/d胡麻油；LOM组饲喂基础日粮+475 g/d胡麻油+160 g/d苹果酸；LOMS组饲喂基础日粮+475 g/d胡麻油+160 g/d苹果酸+47.5 g/d小苏打（NaHCO3）。在正试期第3、4天采集瘤胃液测定其脂肪酸含量，在正试期第5、6天采用尼龙袋法测定饲料在瘤胃内的降解率。结果显示：除了饲喂后6 h瘤胃t11-C18：1含量外，3个试验组在各个时间点的瘤胃各脂肪酸含量均显著高于CON组（P<0.05），且3个试验组间无显著差异（P>0.05）；与CON组相比，LO组瘤胃DM、OM、CP及NDF的降解率均有所降低，但LOM和LOMS组瘤胃DM、OM、CP及NDF的降解率均有一定程度提高。综合以上结果，日粮中单独或同时添加胡麻油、苹果酸均有利于提高延边黄牛瘤胃液中的脂肪酸含量；日粮中单独添加胡麻油会降低日粮养分在瘤胃中的降解率，而同时添加胡麻油和苹果酸在一定程度上可提高日粮养分在瘤胃中的降解率。

关键词: 胡麻油; 苹果酸; 延边黄牛; 瘤胃; 脂肪酸

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted to study the impact of adding linseed oil and malic acid on rumen fatty acid metabolism and feed degradation rate in Yanbian Yellow cattle. 4 Yanbian Yellow cattle weighted (350±15) kg, and fitted with permanent rumen fistula were used as 4×4 Latin square design. The cattle in control group (CON group) were fed basal diet, in LO group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 475 g/d linseed oil, in LOM group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 475 g/d linseed oil and 160 g/d malic acid, in LOMS group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 475 g/d sesame oil, 160 g/d malic acid and 47.5 g/d NaHCO₃. In the third and fourth day during the test period, rumen fluid was collected and measured for fatty acids. In the fifth and sixth day, nylon bag method was adopted to determine the feed degradation rate in the rumen. The results showed that the contents of the rumen fatty acids in three experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the CON group (P<0.05), excepted the contents of t11-C18:1 at 6 h. Compared with CON group, the rumen degradation rates of DM, OM, CP and NDF in LO group were all reduced. Compared with LO group, degradation rates of DM, OM, CP and NDF in LOM and LOMS groups were improved in a certain extent. The results showed that dietary linseed oil and malic acid would increase the rumen fluid fatty acids in Yanbian Yellow cattle. Linseed Oil had a trend to decline the feed degradation rate in the rumen, but the trend was opposite when combined with malic acid.

Key words: linseed oil; malic acid; Yanbian Yellow cattle; rumen; fatty acid

中图分类号:

S816.7

刘田, 金哲勇, 李香子, 高青山, 严昌国. 胡麻油和苹果酸对延边黄牛瘤胃脂肪酸代谢及饲料降解率的影响[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2017, 44(3): 740-747.

LIU Tian, Jin Zhe-yong, LI Xiang-zi, Gao Qing-shan, YAN Chang-guo. Effect of Linseed Oil and Malic Acid on Rumen Fatty Acid Metabolism and Feed Degradation Rate of Yanbian Yellow Cattle[J]. , 2017, 44(3): 740-747.

参考文献

[1] Andreoli M F, Gonzalez M A, Martinelli M I, et al.Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid at high-fat levels on triacylglycerol regulation in mice[J].Nutrition,2009,25(4):445-452.
[2] Anadón A, Martínez-Larrañaga M R. Martínez M R, et al.Acute oral safety study of dairy fat rich in trans-10 C18:1 versus vaccenic plus conjugated linoleic acid in rats[J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2010,48(2):591-598.
[3] Hernade-Diaz G, Alexander-Aguilera A, Arzaba-Villalba A, et al. Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on body fat, tumor necrosis factor alpha and resistinsecretion in spontaneously hypertensive rats[J]. Prostaglandins,Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 2010, 82(2-3):105-109.
[4] Light M E. Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods[M].Boca Raton:CRC Press,2007.
[5] Kott R W, Hatfield P G, Bergman J W, et al. Feedlot performance, carcass compostition, and muscle and fat CLA concentration of lambs fed diets supplemented with safflower seed[J].Small Ruminant Research, 2003,49(49):11-17.
[6] Linehan B, Scheifinger C C, Wolin M J. Nutritional requirements of Selenomonas ruminatium for growth on lactate, glycerol or glucose[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1978,35(2):317.
[7] Martin S A, Sullivan H M, Evans D J. Effect of sugars and malate on ruminal microorganisms[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2000,83(11):2574-2579.
[8] Streeter M N,Nisbet D J,Martin S A, et al. Effect of malate on ruminal metabolism and performance of steers fed a high concentrate diet[J]. Journal of Animal Science,1994,72(S1):384.
[9] 李旦,王加启,刘亮,等.体外法添加苹果酸与不饱和脂肪酸对瘤胃发酵及瘤胃功能菌群的影响[J].农业生物技术学报,2009,17(6):1013-1019.
[10] 庞学东,唐海翠,庄苏,等.苹果酸对山羊瘤胃发酵的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2006,37(11):1236-1240.
[11] 杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,1999.
[12] AbuGhazaleh A A, Schingoethe D J,HIPPen A R,et al.Milk conjugated inoleic acid response to fish oil supplementation of diets differing in fatty acid profiles[J].J Dairy Sci,2003,86(3):944-953.
[13] Wang J H, Choi S H, Song M K. Effects of concentrate to roughage ratio on the formation of cis.9.trans-11 CLA and trans 11-octadecenoic acid in rumen fluid and plasma of sheep when fed high oleic or high linoleic acid oils. Asian-Aust[J]. Anim Sci,2003,16(11):1604-1609.
[14] Bauman D E, Barbano D M, Dwyer D A, et al. Production of buyer with enhanced conjugated iinoleic acid for use in biomedical studies with animal models[J]. Dairy Sci, 2000,83(11):2422-2425.
[15] 孙志伟.日粮中添加棕榈油、玉米油对奶牛瘤胃发酵的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2010.
[16] 杨善军.棕榈酸对奶牛瘤胃内环境及生产性能影响的研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2003.
[17] 王聪,刘强,懂群,等.日粮补充苹果酸对牛瘤胃发酵和养分消化代谢的影响[J].草业学报,2009,18(3):224-231.
[18] Mamvura C I, Cho S, Mbiriri D T, et al. Effect of encapsulating nitrate in sesame gum on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters[J]. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2014, 27(11):1577-1583.
[19] 施玲玲, 孙海洲. 苹果酸对内蒙古白绒山羊瘤胃发酵的影响[J].饲料研究,2008(4):52-55..
[20] Iwamoto M, Asanuma N, Hino T. Ability of Selenomonas ruminantium, Veillonellaparvula and Wolinellasuccinogenes to reduce nitrate and nitrite with special reference to suppression of ruminal methanogenesis[J]. Anaerobe,2002,8(8).209-215.
[21] Vasta V A, Priolo O A.Ruminant fat volatiles as affected by diet:A review[J].Meat Science, 2006,73(73):218-228.