枯草芽孢杆菌发酵中药制剂对鲤鱼生长性能、生化指标、抗氧化指标及抗感染能力的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2017.03.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本试验旨在研究饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌发酵中药制剂对鲤鱼生长性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化指标及对嗜水气单胞菌抗感染能力的影响，并确定其适宜的添加水平。将枯草芽孢杆菌发酵中药制剂投喂初始体重为（35±0.5）g的鲤鱼，试验设6个组，添加水平分别为0（对照组）、0.1‰、0.5‰、1‰、2‰、3‰，每组30尾，设3个重复，试验周期56 d。养殖试验结束后，腹腔注射嗜水气单胞菌进行感染试验，计算免疫保护率（RPS）。结果显示，饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌发酵中药制剂，鲤鱼增重率（WGR）、特定生长率（SGR）、肥满度（CF）、溶菌酶（LSZ）、补体3（C3）、总蛋白（TP）、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）均不同程度提高，饲料系数（FCR）、丙二醛（MDA）含量不同程度降低，且当饲料中发酵中药添加量为2‰、3‰时，与对照组相比各指标（C3、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和肌酐（Cr）除外）均差异显著（P<0.05）。用嗜水气单胞菌对鲤鱼感染试验结果表明，发酵中药可显著提高鲤鱼的抗感染能力，添加发酵中药2‰、3‰组免疫保护率可达77.23%和74.63%。可见，饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌发酵中药2‰、3‰能显著提高鲤鱼的生长性能、血清生化指标、肝脏抗氧化能力及抗嗜水气单胞菌感染能力。基于对添加成本的考虑，建议发酵中药的最佳添加剂量为2‰。

关键词: 枯草芽孢杆菌; 发酵中药; 鲤鱼; 生长性能; 生化指标; 抗氧化指标; 抗感染能力

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to evaluate of the growth performance, serum biochemical indices, liver antioxidant parameters and ability of anti-infection with Aeromonas hydrophila by adding the fermented Chinese medicine by Bacillus Subtilis to the carp fish feed, and to find out the appropriate supplemental level of fermented Chinese medicine in diets. Carp fingerling with an initial body weight of (35±0.5) g were set up to 6 experimental diets supplemented with 0 (control group), 0.1‰, 0.5‰, 1‰, 2‰ and 3‰ fermented Chinese medicine for 56 days, respectively. Each group had 30 fish and set up 3 repetitions. After the feeding trail,the fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila to calculate the relative percentage survival (RPS).The results showed as follows:Supplementing fermented traditional Chinese medicine by Bacillus subtilis, the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF), the activities of lysozyme (LSZ), complement 3 (C3),total protein (TP),total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC),total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) in serum of common carp were enhanced at different degrees, while the feed coefficient (FCR)and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were declined at different degrees.When the fermented Chinese medicine supplemental levels were 2‰ and 3‰,the effects were significant (P<0.05)(except for C3, ALP and Cr).The experimental results of the virulence of common carp infected with pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila showed that,the fermented herbal could obviously improve the ability of anti-infection, the immune protective rate of the group with 2‰, 3‰ doses of the fermented Chinese medicine could reach 77.23% and 74.63%, respectively. From what had been discussed above, the group with 2‰ and 3‰ doses of the fermented Chinese medicine had significant effect on the growth performance, serum biochemical indices, liver antioxidant parameters and Aeromonas hydrophila anti-infection ability. Considering the cost of adding fermented Chinese medicine, the recommendations for the best additive quantity was 2‰.

Key words: Bacillus subtilis; fermented Chinese medicine; common carp; growth performance; biochemical indices; antioxidant parameters; ability against infection

中图分类号:

S963.21⁺1

赵倩, 陈玉春, 高绪娜, 郭婷婷, 王冰, 谷巍. 枯草芽孢杆菌发酵中药制剂对鲤鱼生长性能、生化指标、抗氧化指标及抗感染能力的影响[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2017, 44(3): 724-731.

ZHAO Qian, CHEN Yu-chun, GAO Xu-na, GUO Ting-ting, WANG Bing, GU Wei. Effect of Fermented Chinese Medicine Preparation by Bacillus subtilis on Growth Performance,Biochemical Indices, Antioxidant Parameters and Ability of Anti-infection of Common Carp[J]. , 2017, 44(3): 724-731.

参考文献

[1] 方俊,卢向阳,邱业先,等. 中草药饲料添加剂的研究进展、制约因素及对策[J]. 中国畜牧兽医,2004,31(9):6-8.
[2] 谭娟,邓雨飞,曹宇舰,等. 饲料中添加复方中草药对草鱼幼鱼生长、肌肉成分及免疫相关酶活性的影响[J]. 广东农业科学,2015,42(10):109-113.
[3] 王苇,秦瑶,李爽,等. 枯草芽孢杆菌微生态制剂的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医,2013,40(11):217-220.
[4] Guo X, Chen D D, Peng K S, et al. Identification and characterization of Bacillus subtilis from grass carp (Ctenopharynodon idellus) for use as probiotic additives in aquatic feed[J]. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2016, 52:74-84.
[5] 胡凡光,郭萍萍,麻丹萍,等.饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌对促进大菱鲆生长及养殖水环境的影响[J].渔业现代化,2014,41(2):7-11.
[6] 兰时乐,李立恒,胡超,等.中草药饲料添加剂发酵菌种的筛选与发酵条件研究[J].中国饲料,2010,15:13-17.
[7] 谢炎福,代春梅,杜亚.益生菌发酵复方中药对黄河鲤生长性能和免疫性能的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2015,15:198-200.
[8] 汤菊芬,吴灶和,简纪常,等.复方中草药对罗非鱼生长及肌肉成分的影响[J].饲料工业,2009,30(16):19-21.
[9] López L M, Soto J O, Escamilla I T, et al. Evaluation of carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio in diets supplemented with Bacillus subtilis probiotic strain on growth performance, body composition and digestibility in juvenile white seabass (Atractoscion nobilis, Ayres 1860)[J]. Aquac Res,2016,47(6):1864-1873.
[10] 刘锋,韩春杨,刘翠艳,等.微生物发酵中药饲料添加剂的研究进展[J].氨基酸和生物资源,2014,36(2):18-22.
[11] Chen D,Ainsworth A J. Glucan administration potentiates immune defence mechanisms of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque[J].Journal of Fish Diseases,1992,15(3):295-304.
[12] 刘华忠,罗萍,刘定忠. 复方中草药对彭泽鲫促生长作用的研究[J].水利渔业,2004,24(1):56-57.
[13] 刘红柏,黄江,马爱枝,等.中草药复方添加剂对施氏鲟生长及血液生化指标的影响[J].水产学杂志,2009,22(3):14-18.
[14] 赵晶晶.中草药对点带石斑鱼生理生化指标和抗病力的影响[D].天津:天津农学院,2012.
[15] Benzie I F,Strain J J. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of antioxidant power[J].Analytical Biochemistry,1996, 239(1):70-76.
[16] Scandalios J G. Oxidative stress:Molecular perception and transduction of signals triggering antioxidant gene defenses[J].Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research,2005,38(7):995-1014.
[17] Carsten G K, Miehaela A, Christine L, et al. Reduced expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase after infection with Toxoplasma gondii facilitates parasite replication in activated murine macrophages[J].International Joumal for Parasitology,2003,33(8):833-844.
[18] 王瑞雪,王荻,李绍戊,等.三种复方中药对鲫鱼肝脏抗氧化功能的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2012,43(6):116-120.
[19] 沈文英,李卫芬,梁权,等.饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌对草鱼生长性能、免疫和抗氧化功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(5):881-886.
[20] Giannenas I, Karamaligas I, Margaroni M, et al. Effect of dietary incorporation of a multi-strain probiotic on growth performance and health status in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J]. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2015, 41(1):119-128.
[21] Harikrishnan R, Balasundaram C, Heo M S. Herbal supplementation diets on hematology and innate immunity in goldfish against Aeromonas hydrophila[J]. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2010, 28(2):354-361.
[22] 谢全喜,张建梅,于佳民,等. 鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵中草药复合枯草芽孢杆菌对黄羽肉鸡生长后期免疫性能及大肠杆菌感染的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(6):1523-1529.
[23] Keysami M A, Mohammadpour M. Effect of Bacillus subtilis on Aeromonas hydrophila infection resistance in juvenile freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)[J]. Aquaculture International, 2013, 21(3):553-562.