miRNA合成途径研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2015.12.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： miRNA是一类约22个核苷酸组成的非编码小分子RNA,通过碱基互补配对的方式识别靶mRNA,利用RNAi沉默机制调控基因的转录后表达。它存在于动物、植物、病毒及许多微生物中,且其表达具有严格的时空属性,研究发现miRNA与组织细胞的生长发育和凋亡、癌症等进程相关。miRNA经典的生物合成过程包括微处理复合物的加工、核输出和Dicer酶处理,最后成熟的miRNA与AGO蛋白形成miRISC复合物。此外还存在其他的合成通路如mirtron通路、tRNA通路及内源性siRNA通路。本综述阐述了miRNA生物合成途径的基本原理及其研究进展,为miRNA的研究和应用提供参考。

关键词: miRNA; 合成途径; miRISC; tRNA通路; 内源性siRNA通路

Abstract: miRNA is a kind of 22 nt non-coding small RNA,which recognizes the target mRNA by complementary base pairing,and regulates the gene posttranscriptional expression using RNAi silencing mechanism.miRNA exists in animals,plants,viruses and various microorganism,and its expression is under the strict spatial-temporal regulation.Previous studies have showed the miRNA plays a key role in the regulation of tissue development,cell differentiation,apoptosis and cancer.The canonical biogenesis pathways include the process of the microprocessor in nucleus,nuclear export,Dicer dicing in cytoplasm and the generation of the miRISC complex.Besides,there are other synthetic pathways such as mirtron pathway,tRNA pathway and endogenous siRNA pathway.For providing a reference for the research and the application of the miRNA,this review summarizes the biosynthetic pathways of the miRNA.

Key words: miRNA; biosynthetic pathway; miRISC; tRNA pathway; endogenous siRNA pathway

中图分类号:

赵静雯, 陈国荣, 吴慧光. miRNA合成途径研究进展[J]. , 2015, 42(12): 3186-3191.

ZHAO Jing-wen, CHEN Guo-rong, WU Hui-guang. Research Progress on miRNA Biosynthetic Pathways[J]. , 2015, 42(12): 3186-3191.

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