低粗蛋白质氨基酸平衡日粮对仔猪生长性能、血液指标、营养物质表观消化率和腹泻率的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2019.08.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究不同水平低粗蛋白质（CP）氨基酸平衡日粮对10~25 kg仔猪的生长性能、血液指标、营养物质表观养分消化率和腹泻率的影响，选取320头10 kg健康的"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪，随机分为4个处理，每个处理4个重复，每个重复20头仔猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮，CP水平为20.1%，其他组饲喂低CP补充氨基酸日粮，CP水平分别为18.3%、14.9%、13.2%，除根据需要补充L-赖氨酸、DL-蛋氨酸、L-苏氨酸、L-色氨酸外，还补充L-缬氨酸、L-异亮氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸和L-组氨酸等，共计8种晶体氨基酸，各处理氨基酸水平均达到或超过NRC（1998）猪营养需要量标准，试验期24 d。结果显示：①20.1% CP组仔猪平均日增重（ADG）显著高于13.2% CP（P<0.05）；各组间料重比（F/G）、平均采食量（ADFI）差异均不显著（P>0.05）。②20.1% CP组仔猪血清尿素水平最高，13.2% CP最低，二者差异极显著（P<0.01）；各组间总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、球蛋白（GLB）、白蛋白/球蛋白、胰岛素、血糖、免疫球蛋白（IgA）、IgG、IgM水平均差异不显著（P>0.05）。③13.2% CP、14.9% CP组仔猪CP表观消化率极显著低于20.1% CP组（P<0.01）；其余指标差异均不显著（P>0.05）。④20.1% CP组仔猪腹泻率最高，13.2% CP组腹泻率最低，且差异显著（P<0.05）。综上所述，日粮CP水平降低至14.9%时对仔猪的生长性能无不良影响；血清尿素水平、CP表观消化率均极显著对于对照组（20.1% CP），仔猪腹泻率大大降低。因此10~25 kg断奶仔猪氨基酸平衡日粮CP水平可降低至14.9%，不影响仔猪的生长性能。

关键词: 低粗蛋白质日粮; 氨基酸; 断奶仔猪; 生长性能; 血液指标; 腹泻率

Abstract:

In order to study the effects of low crude protein (CP) diets supplemented with balanced amino acids on the growth performance, blood indexes, nutrients apparent digestibility, diarrhea rate of 10 to 25 kg weaned piglets, three hundred and twenty three-way cross Duroc× (Landrace×Yorkshire) piglets with body weight of 10 kg were selected and randomly divided into four treatments with four repeats per treatment and twenty pigs per repeat.The control group was fed control diet (20.1% CP), experimental group were fed CP diets supplemented with L-Lys, DL-Met, L-Thr, L-Trp, L-Val, L-Ile, L-Phe and L-His, and the CP levels of experimental diets were 18.3%, 14.9% and 13.2%, respectively.The amino acid levels of each treatment reached or exceeded the standards of nutrient requirements of swine (NRC 1998).The experiment lasted 24 days.The results showed that the ADG of weaned piglets in 20.1% CP groups was significantly higher than that in 13.2% CP treatment (P<0.05).The ADFI and F/G of weaned piglets in 18.3% CP, 14.9% CP and 13.2% CP groups were not significant different compared with 20.1% CP group (P>0.05).②The blood urea content of 20.1% CP group was the highest and that of 13.2% CP group was the lowest, and there was extremely significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01).The levels of TP, ALB, GLB, A/G, Blood glucose, insulin, IgA, IgG and IgM of 18.3% CP, 14.9% CP and 13.2% CP groups were not significant different compared with 20.1% CP group (P>0.05).③The apparent digestibility of CP in 13.2% CP and 14.9% CP groups were extremely significantly lower than that of 20.1% CP group (P<0.01);There were no significant difference of other indexes among the four groups (P>0.05).④The diarrhea rate of weaned piglets in 20.1% CP grou was the highest and that of 13.2% CP group was the lowest, and there was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).In conclusion, when the dietary CP level was reduced to 14.9%, the growth performance of piglets was not adversely affected.The CP apparent digestibility and blood urea level was extremely significantly decreased than that of control group (20.1% CP), and the diarrhea rate of piglets was greatly reduced.Therefore, the CP level of diet supplemented with 8 amino acids in 10-25 kg weaned piglets could be reduced to 14.9% without affecting the performance of piglets.

Key words: low CP diet; amino acids; weaned piglets; growth performance; blood indexes; diarrhea rate

中图分类号:

S828

薛强, 张鹤亮, 李秀花, 薛荣, 王君, 白延波. 低粗蛋白质氨基酸平衡日粮对仔猪生长性能、血液指标、营养物质表观消化率和腹泻率的影响[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2019, 46(8): 2307-2314.

XUE Qiang, ZHANG Heliang, LI Xiuhua, XUE Rong, WANG Jun, BAI Yanbo. Effects of Low Crude Protein Diet Supplemented with Amino Acids on the Growth Performance,Blood Indexes,Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Diarrhea Rate of Weaned Piglets[J]. , 2019, 46(8): 2307-2314.

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