Abstract: Advance with breakout in genome-wide association study and cross in multidiscipline,study on origin and domestication of poultry had made great progress in recent years. For thousand years,poultry had been used for food,ritual and entertainment for human. Poultry played indispensable roles during cultural history. Study with molecular biology and archaeology revealed lengthiness and complexity of poultry domestication. The process of domestication involves adaptation to a captive environment with changes in morphology,behavior and physiology. Domesticates provided humans with a novel means of reshaping diet composition and biotic communities. Poultry were transformed from wild ancestor. Different species seemed to have been domesticated in different places by indigenous population. This procession also involved introgression of some exogenous species. Understanding the relative roles of wild ancestors was therefore not only an amazing scientific issue, but it provided useful information for conservation of breeds diversity and selection. In the final part,we inferred GAWS and pollen analysis would be powerful tool to reconstruct domestication.

Key words: poultry; domestication; evolutionary biology; archaeology