颗粒细胞凋亡影响家禽卵泡闭锁的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.12.022

Abstract

Abstract: Ovary is an important reproductive organ of poultry, which can produce a large number of follicles, and follicles may be atresia in each stage of growth and development due to the regulation of different factors, resulting in the decline of reproductive performance.Granulosa cells have been proved to play an important role in regulating follicular growth and development, and their apoptosis can induce follicular atresia.There are many regulatory factors that induce apoptosis in granulosa cells, including hormones, cytokines, oxidative stress, mitochondria and other external factors.Granulosa cell apoptosis is mainly caused by the mitochondrial pathway, which involves the Caspase family, the release of cytochrome C (Cyt-C) when mitochondria cleaved, then the formation of apoptotic body activated Caspase-3 and Caspase-8, finally, Caspase-9 was activated to induce apoptosis of granulosa cells.When granulosa cells apoptosis occurs, follicles in poultry lose biological function and imbalances in regulation between cells within the follicle promotes the apoptosis of oocytes and membrane cells in follicles, and finally leads to follicle atresia.The growth factors, gonadal steroids and cytokines secreted by granulosa cells in the survival state can help oocytes reduce oxidative damage and prevent mitochondrial DNA damage caused by excessive intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus avoiding apoptosis of granulosa cells caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.In order to provide theoretical basis for reducing follicular atresia and improving reproductive performance of poultry, this paper discussed the apoptosis of granulosa cells and its influencing factors, the relationship between apoptosis of granulosa cells and follicular atresia, and the effect of apoptosis of granulosa cells on follicular atresia.

Key words: poultry; follicular atresia; apoptosis of granulosa cells

CLC Number:

ZHANG Ying, LI Xianqiang, LI Yana, WANG Jiaxiang, WU Yan, PI Jinsong, CHEN Lin. Research Progress on Effects of Granulosa Cell Apoptosis on Follicle Atresia in Poultry[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(12): 4725-4733.

References

[1] 赵丹.雌激素和TGF-β1对鸡原始卵泡和生长卵泡发育的调节作用及其机理的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2018. ZHAO D.Study on the regulation and mechanism of estrogen and TGF-β1 on the development of primordial and growing follicles in chicken[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2018.(in Chinese)
[2] QUIRK S M, COWAN R G, HARMAN R M, et al.Ovarian follicular growth and atresia:The relationship between cell proliferation and survival[J].Journal of Animal Science, 2004, 82:40-52.
[3] BAKER T G.A Quantitative and cytological study of germ cells in human ovaries[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of London.Series B, Biological Sciences, 1963, 15(8):417-433.
[4] D'ARCY M S.Cell death:A review of the major forms of apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy[J].Cell Biology International, 2019, 43(6):582-592.
[5] WEN R, HU S, XIAO Q, et al.Leptin exerts proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects on goose granulosa cells through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway[J].The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2015, 149:70-79.
[6] 刘松松, 项阳, 王剑, 等.热休克蛋白70在细胞凋亡途径中的作用研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志, 2020, 56(8):45-49. LIU S S, XIANG Y, WANG J, et al.Research progress of heat shock protein 70 in apoptosis pathway[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2020, 56(8):45-49.(in Chinese)
[7] PRADELLI L A, BÉNÉTEAU M, RICCI J E.Mitochondrial control of Caspase-dependent and independent cell death[J].Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 2010, 67(10):1589-1597.
[8] LI C, ZHOU J, LIU Z, et al.FSH prevents porcine granulosa cells from hypoxia-induced apoptosis via activating mitophagy through the HIF-1α-PINK1-Parkin pathway[J].FASEB Journal, 2020, 34(3):3631-3645.
[9] 徐庚全, 樊江峰, 杨世华, 等.FSH、LH对体外培养的牦牛卵泡颗粒细胞凋亡及E₂、P分泌功能的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报, 2015, 46(6):932-939. XU G Q, FAN J F, YANG S H, et al.Effects of FSH and LH on apoptosis and E₂ and P secretion of yak follicular granulosa cells cultured in vitro[J].Chinese Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2015, 46(6):932-939.(in Chinese)
[10] HAN Y, WANG S, LIN L, et al.Insulin mitigates apoptosis of porcine follicular granulosa cells by downregulating BimEL[J].Reproductive Biology, 2019, 19(3):293-298.
[11] HAO E Y, WANG D H, CHANG L Y, et al. Melatonin regulates chicken granulosa cell proliferation and apoptosis by activating the mTOR signaling pathway via its receptors[J].Poultry Science, 2020, 99(11):6147-6162.
[12] 何海迎.催乳素对绵羊颗粒细胞的增殖与凋亡、激素分泌及相关基因表达的影响[D].保定:河北农业大学, 2020. HE H Y.Effects of prolactin on proliferation and apoptosis, hormone secretion and related gene expression of sheep granulosa cells[D].Baoding:Hebei Agricultural University, 2020.(in Chinese)
[13] HADRAVA VANOVA K, KRAUS M, NEUZIL J, et al.Mitochondrial complex Ⅱ and reactive oxygen species in disease and therapy[J].Redox Report, 2020, 25(1):26-32.
[14] BOVERIS A, NAVARRO A.Brain mitochondrial dysfunction in aging[J].IUMB Life, 2008, 60(5):308-314.
[15] ZHU Y, WANG H, WANG J, et al.Zearalenone induces apoptosis and cytoprotective autophagy in chicken granulosa cells by PI3K-Akt-mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways[J].Toxins (Basel), 2021, 13(3):19-29.
[16] 李先强, 吴艳, 王家乡, 等.氧化应激对蛋鸡产蛋后期繁殖性能的影响研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志, 2021, 57(11):16-21. LI X Q, WU Y, WANG J X, et al.Effects of oxidative stress on reproductive performance of laying hens during late laying period[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2021, 57(11):16-21.(in Chinese)
[17] 傅惠娇.SCUBE1对氧化应激诱导的人卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡的保护作用[D].广州:南方医科大学, 2021. FU H J.Protective effect of SCUBE1 on apoptosis of human ovarian granulosa cells induced by oxidative stress[D].Guangzhou:Southern Medical University, 2021.(in Chinese)
[18] HAN Y, WANG S, LIN L, et al.Insulin mitigates apoptosis of porcine follicular granulosa cells by downregulating BimEL[J].Reproductive Biology, 2019, 19(3):293-298.
[19] YUAN S, WEN J, CHENG J, et al.Age-associated up-regulation of EGR1 promotes granulosa cell apoptosis during follicle atresia in mice through the NF-κB pathway[J]. Cell Cycle, 2016, 15(21):2895-2905.
[20] 王军, 刘红羽, 徐高青, 等.肿瘤转移抑制因子(Kisspeptin)对牛卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志, 2017, 53(9):57-61. WANG J, LIU H Y, XU G Q, et al.Effect of Kisspeptin on apoptosis of bovine ovarian granulosa cells[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2017, 53(9):57-61.(in Chinese)
[21] 张暄琳, 李毅, 刘丽, 等.炎症因子对人颗粒细胞凋亡调控基因p53、Bax、Casepase-3、Bcl-2、Survivin表达的影响[J].实用妇产科杂志, 2016, 32(7):519-522. ZHANG X L, LI Y, LIU L, et al.Effects of inflammatory factors on expression of p53, Bax, Casepase-3, Bcl-2 and Survivin in human granulosa cells[J].Journal of Practical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2016, 32(7):519-522.(in Chinese)
[22] WANG S, LIN S, ZHU M, et al.Acupuncture reduces apoptosis of granulosa cells in rats with premature ovarian failure via restoring the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2019, 20(24):631-641.
[23] HE Y, WANG L, LI X, et al.The effects of chronic lead exposure on the ovaries of female juvenile Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica):Developmental delay, histopathological alterations, hormone release disruption and gene expression disorder[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2020, 20(5):1113-1138.
[24] 韩旭.PGE2在MEHP影响大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡中的作用及其机制[D].长春:吉林大学, 2020. HAN X.Effect of PGE2 on apoptosis of rat ovarian granulosa cells by MEHP and its mechanism[D].Changchun:Jilin University, 2020.(in Chinese)
[25] 金艳梅.鸡等级前卵泡颗粒细胞发育的激素和营养调控及机理研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2007. JIN Y M.Hormone and nutritional regulation and mechanism of granulosa cell development in chicken pregrade follicles[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2007.(in Chinese)
[26] GUPTA S K, GILBERT A B, WALKER M A, et al.Histological study of follicular atresia in the ovary of the domestic hen (Gallus domesticus)[J].Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 1988, 82(1):219-225.
[27] CHOU C H, CHEN M J.The effect of steroid hormones on ovarian follicle development[J].Vitamins and Hormones, 2018, 10(7):155-175.
[28] EL-HAYEK S, CLARKE H J.Control of oocyte growth and development by intercellular communication within the follicular niche[J]. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, 2016, 58:191-224.
[29] 零小妹.哈蟆油含药血清对氧化应激诱导大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡的保护作用及机制研究[D].广州:广东药科大学, 2017. LING X M.Study on protective effect and mechanism of ovaries granulosa cell apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in rats[D].Guangzhou:Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 2017.(in Chinese)
[30] 林金杏.局部性促生长因子对鸡卵泡发育的调控及其机理的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2011. LIN J X.Regulation and mechanism of local growth promoting factor on follicular development in chicken[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2011.(in Chinese)
[31] MOOR R M, HAY M F, DOTT H M, et al.Macroscopic identification and steroidogenic function of atretic follicles in sheep[J].The Journal of Endocrinology, 1978, 77(3):309-318.
[32] MAEDA A, GOTO Y, MATSUDA-MINEHATA F, et al.Changes in expression of interleukin-6 receptors in granulosa cells during follicular atresia in pig ovaries[J].The Journal of Reproduction and Development, 2007, 53(4):727-736.
[33] RODGERS R J, IRVING-RODGERS H F.Morphological classification of bovine ovarian follicles[J].Reproduction, 2010, 139(2):309-318.
[34] 郭亚军, 柳苗苗, 付德海, 等.藏绵羊卵巢组织学及卵泡超微形态的观察[J].畜牧兽医学报, 2021, 52(2):389-398. GUO Y J, LIU M M, FU D H, et al.Observation of ovarian histology and follicular ultramorphology in Tibetan sheep[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2021, 52(2):389-398.(in Chinese)
[35] AGUIAR F L, LUNARDI F O, LIMA L F, et al.Insulin improves in vitro survival of equine preantral follicles enclosed in ovarian tissue and reduces reactive oxygen species production after culture[J].Theriogenology, 2016, 85(6):1063-1069.
[36] BEHRAM KANDEMIR Y, AYDIN C, GORGISEN G.The effects of melatonin on oxidative stress and prevention of primordial follicle loss via activation of mTOR pathway in the rat ovary[J].Cellular and Molecular Biology, 2017, 63(2):100-106.
[37] MAREI W F A, VAN RAEMDONCK G, BAGGERMAN G, et al.Proteomic changes in oocytes after in vitro maturation in lipotoxic conditions are different from those in cumulus cells[J].Scientific Reports, 2019, 9(1):367-373.
[38] SÁ N A R, BRUNO J B, GUERREIRO D D, et al.Anethole reduces oxidative stress and improvesin vitro survival and activation of primordial follicles[J].Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2018, 51(8):712-719.
[39] JOHNSON A L.Reproduction in the female[J].Sturkie's Avian Physiology, 2000, 30(1):569-596.
[40] CAO Y, SHEN M, JIANG Y, et al.Melatonin reduces oxidative damage in mouse granulosa cells via restraining jnk-dependent autophagy[J].Reproduction, 2018, 155(3):307-319.
[41] GUAN Y, ZHANG W, WANG X, et al.Cell-free DNA induced apoptosis of granulosa cells by oxidative stress[J].Clinica Chimica Acta, 2017, 47(3):213-217.
[42] KANG B, WANG X, XU Q, et al.Effect of 3-nitropropionic acid inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis of granulosa cells in geese[J].Bioscience Reports, 2018, 38(5):57-63.
[43] LIU J, YANG M, JING L, et al.Silica nanoparticle exposure inducing granulosa cell apoptosis and follicular atresia in female Balb/C mice[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2018, 25(4):3423-3434.
[44] MA Y, YAO J, ZHOU S, et al.Enhancing effect of FSH on follicular development through yolk formation and deposition in the low-yield laying chickens[J].Theriogenology, 2020, 157:418-430.
[45] TANG X, MA L, GUO S.High doses of FSH induce autophagy in bovine ovarian granulosa cells via the Akt/mTOR pathway[J].Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 2021, 56(2):324-332.
[46] 高志花, 周虚, 刘立文, 等.促性腺激素(FSH、LH)对牛腔前卵泡体外发育及E₂分泌的影响[J].中国兽医学报, 2008, 9:1092-1095. GAO Z H, ZHOU X, LIU L W, et al.Effects of FSH and LH on the development and E₂ secretion of bovine preluminal follicles in vitro[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science, 2008, 9:1092-1095.(in Chinese)
[47] 李悦, 计红, 杨焕民, 等.培养不同时间对鸡卵泡颗粒细胞孕酮、雌激素分泌水平及FSHR、LHR基因表达的影响[A].中国畜牧兽医学会2017年学术年会[C].2017. LI Y, JI H, YANG H M, et al.Effects of culture time on progesterone and estrogen secretion and FSHR and LHR gene expression in chicken follicular granulosa cells[A].Chinese Association of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine 2017 Annual Conference[C].2017.(in Chinese)
[48] HRABIA A, WILK M, RZASA J.Expression of alpha and beta estrogen receptors in the chicken ovary[J].Folia Biologica, 2008, 56(3-4):187-191.
[49] CASARINI L, RICCETTI L, DE PASCALI F.Estrogen modulates specific life and death signals induced by LH and hCG in human primary granulosa cells in vitro[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2017, 18(5):9-26.
[50] WERNER H.Insulin-like growth factors in development, cancers and aging[J].Cells, 2020, 9(10):230-239.
[51] 贾玉东, 颜菲菲, 曾卫东, 等.胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ对鸡等级前卵泡发育的促进作用[J].中国农业科学, 2011, 44(20):4295-4301. JIA Y D, YAN F F, ZENG W D, et al.Promoting effect of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰon pregrade follicle development in chickens[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(20):4295-4301.(in Chinese)
[52] RIVERA G M, FORTUNE J E.Proteolysis of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins -4 and -5 in bovine follicular fluid:Implications for ovarian follicular selection and dominance[J].Endocrinology, 2003, 144(7):2977-2987.
[53] 罗文祥, 祝诚.胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)、IGF结合蛋白-2和LH受体mRNA在卵泡闭锁过程中的表达及调节[J].中国科学C辑:生命科学, 2000, 3:294-299. LUO W X, ZHU C.Expression and regulation of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ), IGF binding protein-2 and LH receptor mRNA during follicular atresia[J].Science in China Series C:Life Sciences, 2000, 3:294-299.(in Chinese)
[54] 李琴, 王启贵.TGF-β家族成员调控家禽卵泡发育的研究进展及展望[J].中国家禽, 2019, 41(19):1-5. LI Q, WANG Q G.Research progress and prospect of TGF-β family members regulating follicular development in poultry[J].China Poultry, 2019, 41(19):1-5.(in Chinese)
[55] 王雨桐, 卫晓红, 葛玲, 等.转化生长因子β信号通路对卵泡刺激素调节卵巢颗粒细胞功能的影响[J].解剖学报, 2021, 52(1):118-123. WANG Y T, WEI X H, GE L, et al.Effects of transforming growth factor β signaling pathway on ovarian granulosa cell function[J].Acta Anatomica Sinica, 2021, 52(1):118-123.(in Chinese)
[56] SUN X F, SUN X H, CHENG S F, et al.Interaction of the transforming growth factor-β and Notch signaling pathways in the regulation of granulosa cell proliferation[J]. Reproduction, Fertility, and Development, 2016, 28(12):1873-1881.
[57] 崔兰兰.TNF-α对小鼠卵泡发育的影响[D].济南:山东师范大学, 2010. CUI L L.Effects of TNF-α on follicular development in mice[D].Jinan:Shandong Normal University, 2010.(in Chinese)
[58] CHEN N Y, LU K, YUAN J M, et al.3-arylamino-quinoxaline-2-carboxamides inhibit the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways to activate p53 and induce apoptosis[J].Bioorganic Chemistry, 2021, 11(4):1051-1101.
[59] MATSUDA S, NAKAGAWA Y, KITAGISHI Y, et al.Reactive oxygen species, superoxide dimutases, and PTEN-p53-Akt-MDM2 signaling loop network in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells regulation[J].Cells, 2018, 7(5):3-6.
[60] ZHANG R, HAO J, WU Q, et al.Dehydrocostus lactone inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by PI3K/Akt/Bad and ERS signalling pathway in human laryngeal carcinoma[J].Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 2020, 24(11):6028-6042.
[61] LIU J, WEN Y, LUO W, et al.Human amniotic epithelial cells promote the proliferation of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating telomerase activity via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway[J].Current Eye Research, 2021, 46(2):159-167.
[62] 王宇飞, 孙雨晴, 张凯丽, 等.DNA损伤诱导转录因子4过表达可能通过Wnt/β-catenin信号通路抑制HT-22细胞增殖并促进其凋亡[J].中国生物化学与分子生物学报, 2021, 37(7):927-936. WANG Y F, SUN Y Q, ZHANG K L, et al.Overexpression of DNA damage-induced transcription factor 4 may inhibit hT-22 cell proliferation and promote apoptosis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway[J].Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2021, 37(7):927-936.(in Chinese)
[63] PE AC'G1 INA-SLAUS N.Wnt signal transduction pathway and apoptosis:A review[J].Cancer Cell International, 2010, 10:2-12.
[64] 余庆.Wnt/β-Catenin信号通路的激活或抑制对水牛颗粒细胞雌二醇和孕酮合成的影响[D].南宁:广西大学, 2021. YU Q.Effect of activation or inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway on estradiol and progesterone synthesis in buffalo granulosa cells[D].Nanning:Guangxi University, 2021.(in Chinese)
[65] WANG Y, CHEN Q, LIU Z, et al.Transcriptome analysis on single small yellow follicles reveals that Wnt4 is involved in chicken follicle selection[J].Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2017, 8:31-37.
[66] 王建萍, 张克英.氧化应激对家禽卵泡闭锁的影响及机制[J].动物营养学报, 2021, 33(6):3001-3009. WANG J P, ZHANG K Y.Effects of oxidative stress on follicular atresia in poultry and its mechanism[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(6):3001-3009.(in Chinese)

Research Progress on Effects of Granulosa Cell Apoptosis on Follicle Atresia in Poultry

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	LI Jie, CHEN Chuwen, ZHAO Ruipeng, LIU Yuan, LI Zhixiong. Research Progress on Long Non-coding RNA of Muscle Development in Livestock and Poultry [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(6): 2427-2438.
[2]	ZHANG Xinyue, SUN Na, SUN Panpan, ZHANG Hua, FAN Kuohai, YIN Wei, SUN Yaogui, LI Hongquan. Mechanism of Scutellarin Against Follicular Atresia Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(6): 2585-2593.
[3]	LI Cuihan, QU Zhina, GAO Yubin, LI Yan, WANG Juan, DUAN Xiaoxiao, WANG Lin, ZHANG Xiyue, ZHAO Ge, HUANG Xiumei, ZHAO Jianmei, ZHANG Qingqing, WANG Junwei, HUANG Baoxu, LIU Junhui. Epidemiology Investigation and Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis of Three Types of Poultry Originated Carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(4): 1653-1662.
[4]	XIONG Taidi, JIANG Shouqun, ZHANG Huihua, ZHU Cui. Research Progress on Transportation Stress and Its Mitigation Measures in Poultry [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(3): 977-988.
[5]	GAO Yang, DU Xin, MA Xue, ZHANG Yingmei, HUO Changqing. Regulation of Resveratrol on Nrf2,NF-κB and Wnt Signaling Pathways and Its Application in Animals Production [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(2): 512-518.
[6]	LIU Bin, LI Meng, XI Qianyun, SUN Jiajie, LUO Junyi, ZHANG Yongliang, CHEN Ting. Research Progress on Biological Characteristics of Hermetia illucens L. and Its Application in Poultry Production [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(2): 586-597.
[7]	SUN Xingya, LI Qiang, WANG Zhanhui, YU Wenbo, SHI Weimin, ZHANG Suxia. Comparative Study on Veterinary Drug Residue Limit Standards for Poultry Meat and Eggs in China, EU and USA [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(6): 2362-2375.
[8]	XU Jing, YANG Guang, JIANG Meiqi, DING Xiangbin, GUO Yiwen, HU Debao, LI Xin, GUO Hong, ZHANG Linlin. Research Advances on CRISPR/Cas9 Technology in Livestock and Poultry Breeding [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(4): 1374-1383.
[9]	QIAO Chunyu, LIU Jiahe, ZHANG Boxi, HE Yuxi, ZHENG Yuwei, LYU Hongming. Research Progress on Pathogenic Mechanism and Control of Aflatoxin B₁ [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(2): 765-775.
[10]	MA Xingshu. Advances on Trained Immunity of Poultry [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(12): 4756-4775.
[11]	YANG Xinbo, ZHANG Xiaoxuan, CAI Yanan, NI Hongbo, ZHAO Quan, MA He. Progress on Microbial Fermented Traditional Chinese Medicine and Its Application in Breeding Industry [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(1): 169-178.
[12]	SHI Yuanjun, MI Siyuan, YU Ying. Research Progress on m⁶A Epigenetic Modification and Its Regulation Mechanism [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(1): 197-207.
[13]	CHEN Jifa. Nutritional Characteristic of Tenebrio molitor and Its Application in Livestock and Poultry Diets [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(7): 2424-2430.
[14]	JING Zhenzhu, QIN Panpan, CHEN Bingjie, HOU Dan, WEI Chengjie, LI Tong, HAN Ruili, LIU Xiaojun, TIAN Yadong, KANG Xiangtao, LI Zhuanjian. Research Progress of Copy Number Variation in Livestock and Poultry [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(7): 2512-2522.
[15]	YUAN Jingzhi, YANG Liyao, CHEN Siyu, CAI Zongling, LI Xun, LIAO Yuying, WANG Xiaoye. Investigation of Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes of E.coli from the Live Poultry Production Chain [J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(7): 2661-2670.